Construct Validity of an Adult Pain Observation Scale for People with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities: The APOS-PIMD
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| Title: | Construct Validity of an Adult Pain Observation Scale for People with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities: The APOS-PIMD |
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| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Annemieke Enninga (ORCID |
| Source: | Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability. 2026 51(1):83-92. |
| Availability: | Taylor & Francis. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 10 |
| Publication Date: | 2026 |
| Document Type: | Journal Articles Reports - Research |
| Descriptors: | Adults, Pain, Severe Intellectual Disability, Multiple Disabilities, Measures (Individuals), Observation, Test Validity, Test Reliability, Behavior, Foreign Countries |
| Geographic Terms: | Netherlands |
| DOI: | 10.3109/13668250.2025.2531706 |
| ISSN: | 1366-8250 1469-9532 |
| Abstract: | Background: Objective assessment of pain-related behaviours is crucial in adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. No standardised pain observation instrument that specifically focuses on this target group is currently available. A previous study identified 12 pain-related behaviours in these persons. This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable instrument based on these 12 pain-related behaviours to assess pain in these adults in daily situations. Method: Videos of 91 adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities in potentially painful daily situations were scored using the 12 pain-related behaviour items. Mokken scale analysis was used to determine the construct validity of these items. Results: Analysis resulted in a 9-item scale (H = 0.46, Rho = 0.70), which appeared to be sample independent for the variables of sex, age and level of motor functioning. Conclusion: A scale containing 9 items (APOS-PIMD) with reasonable construct validity and sufficient reliability was developed, which can be used to measure pain in adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities in daily situations. |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Entry Date: | 2026 |
| Accession Number: | EJ1505283 |
| Database: | ERIC |
| Abstract: | Background: Objective assessment of pain-related behaviours is crucial in adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. No standardised pain observation instrument that specifically focuses on this target group is currently available. A previous study identified 12 pain-related behaviours in these persons. This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable instrument based on these 12 pain-related behaviours to assess pain in these adults in daily situations. Method: Videos of 91 adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities in potentially painful daily situations were scored using the 12 pain-related behaviour items. Mokken scale analysis was used to determine the construct validity of these items. Results: Analysis resulted in a 9-item scale (H = 0.46, Rho = 0.70), which appeared to be sample independent for the variables of sex, age and level of motor functioning. Conclusion: A scale containing 9 items (APOS-PIMD) with reasonable construct validity and sufficient reliability was developed, which can be used to measure pain in adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities in daily situations. |
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| ISSN: | 1366-8250 1469-9532 |
| DOI: | 10.3109/13668250.2025.2531706 |
