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Entrepreneurial Intention in Higher Education during COVID-19: Evidence of Stability and Comparability across Student Groups and Time

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Title: Entrepreneurial Intention in Higher Education during COVID-19: Evidence of Stability and Comparability across Student Groups and Time
Language: English
Authors: Gonçalo Rodrigues Brás (ORCID 0000-0002-8704-4035)
Source: Education & Training. 2026 68(4):657-685.
Availability: Emerald Publishing Limited. Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley, West Yorkshire, BD16 1WA, UK. Tel: +44-1274-777700; Fax: +44-1274-785201; e-mail: emerald@emeraldinsight.com; Web site: http://www.emerald.com/insight
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 29
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Entrepreneurship, Intention, Higher Education, COVID-19, Pandemics, Undergraduate Students, Foreign Countries, Student Attitudes, Student Characteristics, Sex, Intellectual Disciplines, Institutional Characteristics, Time
Geographic Terms: Portugal
DOI: 10.1108/ET-09-2024-0422
ISSN: 0040-0912
1758-6127
Abstract: Purpose: The main objective of this paper is to assess the measurement invariance of a short questionnaire assessing students' entrepreneurial intention (EI) over time and across key subgroups (gender, higher education institution (HEI) typology, course typology) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on data collected from undergraduate students enrolled in entrepreneurship modules at Portuguese HEIs during the second semester of the 2019/2020 academic year. Findings: There is evidence of configural, metric and scalar invariance of the covariance structure of the 6-item scale of students' EI by gender, HEI typology and course typology, and over time (before and after entrepreneurship modules). In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, these findings suggest that the 6-item scale of EI is psychometrically equivalent across key subgroups of entrepreneurship students in HEIs and over time. Practical implications: Although it is difficult to foster students' EI in a pandemic context, those responsible for higher education must be ready to introduce new pedagogical tools in future emergency situations. Originality/value: This study introduces a crisis-sensitive framework for entrepreneurial intention measurement that integrates contextualist, planned behaviour, and digital entrepreneurship perspectives. By theorising crisis-driven contextual convergence and platform-enabled homogenisation, it refines contextualist, planned behaviour, and digital entrepreneurship perspectives on intention stability under disruption and clarifies when EI comparisons remain psychometrically valid in turbulent environments.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1505995
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
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  Data: Entrepreneurial Intention in Higher Education during COVID-19: Evidence of Stability and Comparability across Student Groups and Time
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  Data: English
– Name: Author
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gonçalo+Rodrigues+Brás%22">Gonçalo Rodrigues Brás</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8704-4035">0000-0002-8704-4035</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Education+%26+Training%22"><i>Education & Training</i></searchLink>. 2026 68(4):657-685.
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  Data: Emerald Publishing Limited. Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley, West Yorkshire, BD16 1WA, UK. Tel: +44-1274-777700; Fax: +44-1274-785201; e-mail: emerald@emeraldinsight.com; Web site: http://www.emerald.com/insight
– Name: PeerReviewed
  Label: Peer Reviewed
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 29
– Name: DatePubCY
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
– Name: Audience
  Label: Education Level
  Group: Audnce
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Entrepreneurship%22">Entrepreneurship</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intention%22">Intention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19%22">COVID-19</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pandemics%22">Pandemics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Undergraduate+Students%22">Undergraduate Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Attitudes%22">Student Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Characteristics%22">Student Characteristics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex%22">Sex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intellectual+Disciplines%22">Intellectual Disciplines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Institutional+Characteristics%22">Institutional Characteristics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Time%22">Time</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Portugal%22">Portugal</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1108/ET-09-2024-0422
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 0040-0912<br />1758-6127
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: The main objective of this paper is to assess the measurement invariance of a short questionnaire assessing students' entrepreneurial intention (EI) over time and across key subgroups (gender, higher education institution (HEI) typology, course typology) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on data collected from undergraduate students enrolled in entrepreneurship modules at Portuguese HEIs during the second semester of the 2019/2020 academic year. Findings: There is evidence of configural, metric and scalar invariance of the covariance structure of the 6-item scale of students' EI by gender, HEI typology and course typology, and over time (before and after entrepreneurship modules). In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, these findings suggest that the 6-item scale of EI is psychometrically equivalent across key subgroups of entrepreneurship students in HEIs and over time. Practical implications: Although it is difficult to foster students' EI in a pandemic context, those responsible for higher education must be ready to introduce new pedagogical tools in future emergency situations. Originality/value: This study introduces a crisis-sensitive framework for entrepreneurial intention measurement that integrates contextualist, planned behaviour, and digital entrepreneurship perspectives. By theorising crisis-driven contextual convergence and platform-enabled homogenisation, it refines contextualist, planned behaviour, and digital entrepreneurship perspectives on intention stability under disruption and clarifies when EI comparisons remain psychometrically valid in turbulent environments.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1505995
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1505995
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        Value: 10.1108/ET-09-2024-0422
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 29
        StartPage: 657
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Entrepreneurship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Higher Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: COVID-19
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pandemics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Undergraduate Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Characteristics
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      – SubjectFull: Sex
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      – SubjectFull: Intellectual Disciplines
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      – SubjectFull: Institutional Characteristics
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      – SubjectFull: Time
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      – SubjectFull: Portugal
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