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When and How Does School Climate Reduce the Adverse Effects of Bullying Victimization? The Role of Covitality

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Title: When and How Does School Climate Reduce the Adverse Effects of Bullying Victimization? The Role of Covitality
Language: English
Authors: Maftuna Bakoeva, Yan Zhang
Source: International Journal of Educational Psychology. 2026 15(1):1-24.
Availability: Hipatia Press. Claramunt, 4, Local 2 08030, Barcelona, Spain. Tel: +34-93-302-1226: e-mail: info@hipatiapress.com; Web site: https://hipatiapress.com/hpjournals/index.php/ijep/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 24
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Secondary Education
Elementary Education
Grade 5
Intermediate Grades
Middle Schools
Grade 6
Grade 7
Junior High Schools
Grade 8
Grade 9
High Schools
Grade 10
Grade 11
Descriptors: Educational Environment, Bullying, Victims, School Culture, Secondary School Students, Correlation, Foreign Countries, Friendship, Peer Relationship, Student Characteristics, Grade 5, Grade 6, Grade 7, Grade 8, Grade 9, Grade 10, Grade 11
Geographic Terms: Uzbekistan
ISSN: 2014-3591
Abstract: This study investigated the interplay between school climate, covitality, and bullying victimization among secondary school students in Uzbekistan, with a specific focus on the potential mediating role of covitality. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, with data collected from 508 students (aged 10-18; 50.2% female) across three schools in Bukhara between September and December 2024. Validated questionnaires measured school climate, bullying victimization, and covitality. Structural equation modelling SEM (SPSS AMOS) revealed that school climate was a significant negative predictor of bullying victimization (β = -0.132, *p* < 0.05), supporting our first hypothesis. School climate also showed a strong positive association with covitality (β = 0.557, *p* < 0.001). However, contrary to our hypotheses, covitality did not significantly relate to victimization (β = 0.033, *p* = n.s.), and the indirect mediation effect was non-significant (B = -0.010, 95% CI [-0.050, 0.033]). The study received ethical approval, and informed consent/assent was obtained. The findings underscore the critical role of a positive school climate in reducing bullying but indicate that covitality does not act as a mediating mechanism in this relationship within the studied context, highlighting the need for direct, multi-level interventions.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1506255
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: When and How Does School Climate Reduce the Adverse Effects of Bullying Victimization? The Role of Covitality
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  Data: Hipatia Press. Claramunt, 4, Local 2 08030, Barcelona, Spain. Tel: +34-93-302-1226: e-mail: info@hipatiapress.com; Web site: https://hipatiapress.com/hpjournals/index.php/ijep/
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Educational+Environment%22&quot;&gt;Educational Environment&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Bullying%22&quot;&gt;Bullying&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Victims%22&quot;&gt;Victims&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22School+Culture%22&quot;&gt;School Culture&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Secondary+School+Students%22&quot;&gt;Secondary School Students&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Correlation%22&quot;&gt;Correlation&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Foreign+Countries%22&quot;&gt;Foreign Countries&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Friendship%22&quot;&gt;Friendship&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Peer+Relationship%22&quot;&gt;Peer Relationship&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Student+Characteristics%22&quot;&gt;Student Characteristics&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Grade+5%22&quot;&gt;Grade 5&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Grade+6%22&quot;&gt;Grade 6&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Grade+7%22&quot;&gt;Grade 7&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Grade+8%22&quot;&gt;Grade 8&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Grade+9%22&quot;&gt;Grade 9&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Grade+10%22&quot;&gt;Grade 10&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Grade+11%22&quot;&gt;Grade 11&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Uzbekistan%22&quot;&gt;Uzbekistan&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: 2014-3591
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study investigated the interplay between school climate, covitality, and bullying victimization among secondary school students in Uzbekistan, with a specific focus on the potential mediating role of covitality. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, with data collected from 508 students (aged 10-18; 50.2% female) across three schools in Bukhara between September and December 2024. Validated questionnaires measured school climate, bullying victimization, and covitality. Structural equation modelling SEM (SPSS AMOS) revealed that school climate was a significant negative predictor of bullying victimization (β = -0.132, *p* &lt; 0.05), supporting our first hypothesis. School climate also showed a strong positive association with covitality (β = 0.557, *p* &lt; 0.001). However, contrary to our hypotheses, covitality did not significantly relate to victimization (β = 0.033, *p* = n.s.), and the indirect mediation effect was non-significant (B = -0.010, 95% CI [-0.050, 0.033]). The study received ethical approval, and informed consent/assent was obtained. The findings underscore the critical role of a positive school climate in reducing bullying but indicate that covitality does not act as a mediating mechanism in this relationship within the studied context, highlighting the need for direct, multi-level interventions.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1506255
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 24
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Educational Environment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bullying
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Victims
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School Culture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Secondary School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Correlation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Friendship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Peer Relationship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Characteristics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 5
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 6
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 7
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 8
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 9
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 10
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 11
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Uzbekistan
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: When and How Does School Climate Reduce the Adverse Effects of Bullying Victimization? The Role of Covitality
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            NameFull: Maftuna Bakoeva
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            NameFull: Yan Zhang
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              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 15
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Educational Psychology
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