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The Impact of Reduced Educational Time on Performance, Confidence, and Metacognitive Accuracy in Lower Secondary Genetics Learning

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Title: The Impact of Reduced Educational Time on Performance, Confidence, and Metacognitive Accuracy in Lower Secondary Genetics Learning
Language: English
Authors: Chelcea Mae Lagmay Darang (ORCID 0009-0008-3359-7997), Kiyoung Lee (ORCID 0000-0002-2820-3702), Minsu Ha (ORCID 0000-0003-3087-3833)
Source: Journal of Baltic Science Education. 2026 25(1):7-21.
Availability: Scientia Socialis Ltd. 29 K. Donelaicio Street, LT-78115 Siauliai, Republic of Lithuania. e-mail: scientia@scientiasocialis.lt; e-mail: mail.jbse@gmail.com; Web site: http://www.scientiasocialis.lt/jbse/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 15
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Secondary Education
Grade 9
High Schools
Junior High Schools
Middle Schools
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students, Secondary School Science, Science Education, School Schedules, Time Factors (Learning), Academic Achievement, Self Esteem, Metacognition, Accuracy, Grade 9, Gender Differences, Genetics, Science Achievement, Learner Engagement, Outcomes of Education
Geographic Terms: Philippines
ISSN: 1648-3898
2538-7138
Abstract: Curriculum reforms in the Philippines, including the MATATAG curriculum, have reduced scheduled educational time in lower secondary science, raising questions about their impact on learning and metacognition. This study examined the impact of reduced educational time, specifically the shift from 60 minutes to 45 minutes per genetic lesson, on students' performance, confidence, and metacognitive accuracy in a lower secondary science context. Using a cohort-comparison design, data were collected from Grade 9 students across two school years. Student performance was assessed through a genetics test, while confidence ratings captured metacognitive accuracy. Pearson correlations examined confidence-performance alignment, and Welch's t-tests compared cohort and gender differences. Teacher perceptions were gathered through open-ended surveys. Results showed that the students who received longer lessons achieved higher performance and demonstrated stronger confidence-performance calibration, whereas students who experienced shorter lessons achieved lower performance and exhibited overconfidence. Gender differences appeared only in the 2023 cohort, with females outperforming males. Teacher accounts confirmed that shortened lessons reduced opportunities for interaction, feedback, and reflection. The findings highlight that educational time is both an academic and metacognitive resource. Safeguarding opportunities for reflection and feedback is essential to support accurate self-monitoring and sustainable learning in science education.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1506398
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=EJ1506398
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: The Impact of Reduced Educational Time on Performance, Confidence, and Metacognitive Accuracy in Lower Secondary Genetics Learning
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chelcea+Mae+Lagmay+Darang%22">Chelcea Mae Lagmay Darang</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3359-7997">0009-0008-3359-7997</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kiyoung+Lee%22">Kiyoung Lee</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2820-3702">0000-0002-2820-3702</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Minsu+Ha%22">Minsu Ha</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3087-3833">0000-0003-3087-3833</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Baltic+Science+Education%22"><i>Journal of Baltic Science Education</i></searchLink>. 2026 25(1):7-21.
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  Data: Scientia Socialis Ltd. 29 K. Donelaicio Street, LT-78115 Siauliai, Republic of Lithuania. e-mail: scientia@scientiasocialis.lt; e-mail: mail.jbse@gmail.com; Web site: http://www.scientiasocialis.lt/jbse/
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  Data: 15
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Secondary+Education%22">Secondary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+9%22">Grade 9</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22High+Schools%22">High Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Junior+High+Schools%22">Junior High Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Middle+Schools%22">Middle Schools</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Secondary+School+Students%22">Secondary School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Secondary+School+Science%22">Secondary School Science</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Science+Education%22">Science Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+Schedules%22">School Schedules</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Time+Factors+%28Learning%29%22">Time Factors (Learning)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Academic+Achievement%22">Academic Achievement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self+Esteem%22">Self Esteem</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metacognition%22">Metacognition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Accuracy%22">Accuracy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+9%22">Grade 9</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+Differences%22">Gender Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetics%22">Genetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Science+Achievement%22">Science Achievement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Learner+Engagement%22">Learner Engagement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Outcomes+of+Education%22">Outcomes of Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Philippines%22">Philippines</searchLink>
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  Data: 1648-3898<br />2538-7138
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Curriculum reforms in the Philippines, including the MATATAG curriculum, have reduced scheduled educational time in lower secondary science, raising questions about their impact on learning and metacognition. This study examined the impact of reduced educational time, specifically the shift from 60 minutes to 45 minutes per genetic lesson, on students' performance, confidence, and metacognitive accuracy in a lower secondary science context. Using a cohort-comparison design, data were collected from Grade 9 students across two school years. Student performance was assessed through a genetics test, while confidence ratings captured metacognitive accuracy. Pearson correlations examined confidence-performance alignment, and Welch's t-tests compared cohort and gender differences. Teacher perceptions were gathered through open-ended surveys. Results showed that the students who received longer lessons achieved higher performance and demonstrated stronger confidence-performance calibration, whereas students who experienced shorter lessons achieved lower performance and exhibited overconfidence. Gender differences appeared only in the 2023 cohort, with females outperforming males. Teacher accounts confirmed that shortened lessons reduced opportunities for interaction, feedback, and reflection. The findings highlight that educational time is both an academic and metacognitive resource. Safeguarding opportunities for reflection and feedback is essential to support accurate self-monitoring and sustainable learning in science education.
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: 2026
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  Label: Accession Number
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  Data: EJ1506398
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 7
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Secondary School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Secondary School Science
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Science Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School Schedules
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Time Factors (Learning)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Academic Achievement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self Esteem
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metacognition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Accuracy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 9
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gender Differences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Science Achievement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Learner Engagement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Outcomes of Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Philippines
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Impact of Reduced Educational Time on Performance, Confidence, and Metacognitive Accuracy in Lower Secondary Genetics Learning
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            NameFull: Chelcea Mae Lagmay Darang
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            NameFull: Kiyoung Lee
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            NameFull: Minsu Ha
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              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 1648-3898
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              Value: 2538-7138
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              Value: 25
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