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Toward Sustainable Learning with AI: A Methodological Agenda for Accountable Coursework

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Title: Toward Sustainable Learning with AI: A Methodological Agenda for Accountable Coursework
Language: English
Authors: Dong Wang (ORCID 0009-0002-3424-6968), Mohammad Nazir Ahmad (ORCID 0000-0003-3639-1157), Saad Alahmari (ORCID 0000-0001-9179-8326), Wedad M. Alawad (ORCID 0000-0002-2003-9020), Abdullah Hisam Omar (ORCID 0000-0002-8734-9023), Nurul Aida Osman (ORCID 0000-0002-6339-2123), Yawei Shen (ORCID 0009-0008-0810-2235), Wei Cheng (ORCID 0009-0006-2879-1491)
Source: European Journal of Education. 2026 61(2).
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 12
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Sustainability, Artificial Intelligence, Technology Uses in Education, Technology Integration, Accountability
DOI: 10.1111/ejed.70677
ISSN: 0141-8211
1465-3435
Abstract: As AI tools such as ChatGPT become a routine presence in student coursework, institutional responses continue to oscillate between pedagogical adoption and academic integrity enforcement. This polarisation leaves an important methodological gap: how to support legitimate AI use without allowing learning to collapse into unexamined output production. This paper advances a methodological agenda for sustainable learning with AI, centered on making AI-mediated coursework accountable rather than merely detectable. We propose four methodological commitments for task design and evaluation: (i) treating AI use as a first-class object of inquiry rather than a hidden variable; (ii) shifting evaluation from authorship policing to accountable reasoning and decision-making; (iii) foregrounding boundaries, assumptions, constraints and trade-offs as core learning targets; and (iv) designing review routines that privilege revision, justification and critique over polished final artefacts. To support adoption, we provide design heuristics and review prompts in tabular form, offering practical guidance for task design and evaluation that can be adapted across courses without reducing learning to simplistic metrics. The agenda reframes the central question from 'Did students use AI?' to 'What forms of learning remain sustainable when AI is available and under what evaluative conditions?'
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1506830
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Toward Sustainable Learning with AI: A Methodological Agenda for Accountable Coursework
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dong+Wang%22">Dong Wang</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3424-6968">0009-0002-3424-6968</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mohammad+Nazir+Ahmad%22">Mohammad Nazir Ahmad</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3639-1157">0000-0003-3639-1157</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Saad+Alahmari%22">Saad Alahmari</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-8326">0000-0001-9179-8326</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wedad+M%2E+Alawad%22">Wedad M. Alawad</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2003-9020">0000-0002-2003-9020</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Abdullah+Hisam+Omar%22">Abdullah Hisam Omar</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8734-9023">0000-0002-8734-9023</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nurul+Aida+Osman%22">Nurul Aida Osman</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6339-2123">0000-0002-6339-2123</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yawei+Shen%22">Yawei Shen</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0810-2235">0009-0008-0810-2235</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wei+Cheng%22">Wei Cheng</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2879-1491">0009-0006-2879-1491</externalLink>)
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainability%22">Sustainability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+Intelligence%22">Artificial Intelligence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Technology+Uses+in+Education%22">Technology Uses in Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Technology+Integration%22">Technology Integration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Accountability%22">Accountability</searchLink>
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  Data: As AI tools such as ChatGPT become a routine presence in student coursework, institutional responses continue to oscillate between pedagogical adoption and academic integrity enforcement. This polarisation leaves an important methodological gap: how to support legitimate AI use without allowing learning to collapse into unexamined output production. This paper advances a methodological agenda for sustainable learning with AI, centered on making AI-mediated coursework accountable rather than merely detectable. We propose four methodological commitments for task design and evaluation: (i) treating AI use as a first-class object of inquiry rather than a hidden variable; (ii) shifting evaluation from authorship policing to accountable reasoning and decision-making; (iii) foregrounding boundaries, assumptions, constraints and trade-offs as core learning targets; and (iv) designing review routines that privilege revision, justification and critique over polished final artefacts. To support adoption, we provide design heuristics and review prompts in tabular form, offering practical guidance for task design and evaluation that can be adapted across courses without reducing learning to simplistic metrics. The agenda reframes the central question from 'Did students use AI?' to 'What forms of learning remain sustainable when AI is available and under what evaluative conditions?'
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