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From Immediate Answers to Structured Inquiry: A Socratic Method-Enhanced ChatGPT System for Blended Learning Discussions

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Title: From Immediate Answers to Structured Inquiry: A Socratic Method-Enhanced ChatGPT System for Blended Learning Discussions
Language: English
Authors: Hsin-Yu Lee (ORCID 0000-0003-3257-305X), Pei-Hua Chen (ORCID 0009-0002-0431-4499), Yueh-Min Huang (ORCID 0000-0001-7052-1272), Ting-Ting Wu (ORCID 0000-0003-4970-7042)
Source: Journal of Educational Computing Research. 2026 64(5):1254-1293.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 40
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Blended Learning, Questioning Techniques, Teaching Methods, Artificial Intelligence, Synchronous Communication, Technology Uses in Education, Computer Mediated Communication, Student Attitudes, Foreign Countries, Graduate Students, Universities
Geographic Terms: Taiwan
DOI: 10.1177/07356331261429306
ISSN: 0735-6331
1541-4140
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence integration with mobile instant messaging (MIM) offers promising support for blended learning discussions, yet current implementations often favor immediacy over pedagogical structure. Despite separate studies on Socratic methods, ChatGPT applications, and MIM platforms, their systematic integration remains unexplored. This study introduces SCMIM (Socratic-based ChatGPT Mobile Instant Messaging) and compares its impact with standard ChatGPT-MIM and traditional MIM through a 12-week randomized trial with 72 master's students. Using mixed-methods analysis of engagement questionnaires, discussion logs, and interviews, we examined behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement alongside technology acceptance perceptions. Results showed ChatGPT-MIM enhanced behavioral participation and emotional comfort through immediate support, while SCMIM more effectively fostered cognitive engagement, particularly analytical thinking and knowledge construction. Despite initial adaptation challenges, SCMIM users developed appreciation for systematic questioning, reporting high perceived usefulness and comparable intention to use. These findings demonstrate that effective AI integration requires balancing immediate support with structured pedagogical guidance to promote both engagement and deeper learning outcomes in educational discussions.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1506847
Database: ERIC
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  Data: From Immediate Answers to Structured Inquiry: A Socratic Method-Enhanced ChatGPT System for Blended Learning Discussions
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hsin-Yu+Lee%22">Hsin-Yu Lee</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3257-305X">0000-0003-3257-305X</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pei-Hua+Chen%22">Pei-Hua Chen</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0431-4499">0009-0002-0431-4499</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yueh-Min+Huang%22">Yueh-Min Huang</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7052-1272">0000-0001-7052-1272</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ting-Ting+Wu%22">Ting-Ting Wu</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4970-7042">0000-0003-4970-7042</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Educational+Computing+Research%22"><i>Journal of Educational Computing Research</i></searchLink>. 2026 64(5):1254-1293.
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  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
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  Data: 10.1177/07356331261429306
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  Data: 0735-6331<br />1541-4140
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Artificial Intelligence integration with mobile instant messaging (MIM) offers promising support for blended learning discussions, yet current implementations often favor immediacy over pedagogical structure. Despite separate studies on Socratic methods, ChatGPT applications, and MIM platforms, their systematic integration remains unexplored. This study introduces SCMIM (Socratic-based ChatGPT Mobile Instant Messaging) and compares its impact with standard ChatGPT-MIM and traditional MIM through a 12-week randomized trial with 72 master's students. Using mixed-methods analysis of engagement questionnaires, discussion logs, and interviews, we examined behavioral, cognitive, and emotional engagement alongside technology acceptance perceptions. Results showed ChatGPT-MIM enhanced behavioral participation and emotional comfort through immediate support, while SCMIM more effectively fostered cognitive engagement, particularly analytical thinking and knowledge construction. Despite initial adaptation challenges, SCMIM users developed appreciation for systematic questioning, reporting high perceived usefulness and comparable intention to use. These findings demonstrate that effective AI integration requires balancing immediate support with structured pedagogical guidance to promote both engagement and deeper learning outcomes in educational discussions.
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  Data: EJ1506847
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        Value: 10.1177/07356331261429306
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        PageCount: 40
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Blended Learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questioning Techniques
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      – SubjectFull: Teaching Methods
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      – SubjectFull: Taiwan
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