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Combined PBL and PhET Simulation for Critical Thinking in Mathematical Reasoning and Problem-Solving Skills

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Title: Combined PBL and PhET Simulation for Critical Thinking in Mathematical Reasoning and Problem-Solving Skills
Language: English
Authors: Siti Lailiyah (ORCID 0000-0003-4159-1997), Kusaeri (ORCID 0000-0002-5406-6510), Siti Asmiyah (ORCID 0009-0003-4483-9078), Putri Dwi Naryaningsih (ORCID 0009-0004-2795-4274), Anni Mujahidad Dina (ORCID 0009-0002-6652-300X), Elmita Irmanila (ORCID 0009-0002-3728-2956)
Source: Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn). 2026 20(2):1138-1152.
Availability: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. C5 Plumbon, Banguntapan, Yogyakarta, 55198, Indonesia. e-mail: edulearn@uad.ac.id; Web site: http://edulearn.intelektual.org/index.php/EduLearn/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 15
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Education
Grade 5
Intermediate Grades
Middle Schools
Grade 9
High Schools
Junior High Schools
Secondary Education
Descriptors: Critical Thinking, Thinking Skills, Problem Solving, Mathematical Logic, Problem Based Learning, Mathematics Instruction, Computer Simulation, Grade 5, Elementary School Students, Religious Schools, Grade 9, Junior High School Students, Student Attitudes, Skill Development, Computer Uses in Education, Foreign Countries
Geographic Terms: Indonesia
ISSN: 2089-9823
2302-9277
Abstract: Students' critical thinking (CT) in mathematical reasoning and problem-solving (PS) skills has not developed. In fact, these skills determine achievement in society 5.0. Therefore, learning models and media are needed to develop both. This study investigated the interaction of variables in problem-based learning (PBL) combined with play mathematics with technology (PhET) simulations for CT and PS skills. This study used quasi-experimental research design using questionnaires and test of CT and PS involving 126 students of grade V of Islamic primary school (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI)) and grade IX of Islamic junior high school (Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs)). Factorial analysis of the data used SmartPLS. Based on cross loading value, the MI level shows positive interactions on variable: "happy", "easy to use", and "as new thing" of PS skills (the explore and plan (E&P), select a strategy (SaS), and find an answer (FaA) indicators) and CT skills (the recognition of assumption (RoA) indicator). At the MTs level shows positive interaction on PS skills (the read and think (R&T) indicator) and CT skills (the inference (In) and interpretation (Int) indicators) on the "easy to use the PhET simulation" variable. Our findings highlight that combined PBL and PhET simulation has a significant relationship to develop students' CT and PS skills.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1507066
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  – Url: https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=EJ1507066
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PubType: Academic Journal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Combined PBL and PhET Simulation for Critical Thinking in Mathematical Reasoning and Problem-Solving Skills
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Siti+Lailiyah%22">Siti Lailiyah</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4159-1997">0000-0003-4159-1997</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kusaeri%22">Kusaeri</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5406-6510">0000-0002-5406-6510</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Siti+Asmiyah%22">Siti Asmiyah</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4483-9078">0009-0003-4483-9078</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Putri+Dwi+Naryaningsih%22">Putri Dwi Naryaningsih</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2795-4274">0009-0004-2795-4274</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Anni+Mujahidad+Dina%22">Anni Mujahidad Dina</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6652-300X">0009-0002-6652-300X</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elmita+Irmanila%22">Elmita Irmanila</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3728-2956">0009-0002-3728-2956</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Education+and+Learning+%28EduLearn%29%22"><i>Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn)</i></searchLink>. 2026 20(2):1138-1152.
– Name: Avail
  Label: Availability
  Group: Avail
  Data: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. C5 Plumbon, Banguntapan, Yogyakarta, 55198, Indonesia. e-mail: edulearn@uad.ac.id; Web site: http://edulearn.intelektual.org/index.php/EduLearn/
– Name: PeerReviewed
  Label: Peer Reviewed
  Group: SrcInfo
  Data: Y
– Name: Pages
  Label: Page Count
  Group: Src
  Data: 15
– Name: DatePubCY
  Label: Publication Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2026
– Name: TypeDocument
  Label: Document Type
  Group: TypDoc
  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
– Name: Audience
  Label: Education Level
  Group: Audnce
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Education%22">Elementary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+5%22">Grade 5</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Intermediate+Grades%22">Intermediate Grades</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Middle+Schools%22">Middle Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Grade+9%22">Grade 9</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22High+Schools%22">High Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Junior+High+Schools%22">Junior High Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Secondary+Education%22">Secondary Education</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Critical+Thinking%22">Critical Thinking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thinking+Skills%22">Thinking Skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Problem+Solving%22">Problem Solving</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+Logic%22">Mathematical Logic</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Problem+Based+Learning%22">Problem Based Learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematics+Instruction%22">Mathematics Instruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+Simulation%22">Computer Simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+5%22">Grade 5</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+School+Students%22">Elementary School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Religious+Schools%22">Religious Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+9%22">Grade 9</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Junior+High+School+Students%22">Junior High School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Attitudes%22">Student Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Skill+Development%22">Skill Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+Uses+in+Education%22">Computer Uses in Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indonesia%22">Indonesia</searchLink>
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 2089-9823<br />2302-9277
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Students' critical thinking (CT) in mathematical reasoning and problem-solving (PS) skills has not developed. In fact, these skills determine achievement in society 5.0. Therefore, learning models and media are needed to develop both. This study investigated the interaction of variables in problem-based learning (PBL) combined with play mathematics with technology (PhET) simulations for CT and PS skills. This study used quasi-experimental research design using questionnaires and test of CT and PS involving 126 students of grade V of Islamic primary school (Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI)) and grade IX of Islamic junior high school (Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs)). Factorial analysis of the data used SmartPLS. Based on cross loading value, the MI level shows positive interactions on variable: "happy", "easy to use", and "as new thing" of PS skills (the explore and plan (E&P), select a strategy (SaS), and find an answer (FaA) indicators) and CT skills (the recognition of assumption (RoA) indicator). At the MTs level shows positive interaction on PS skills (the read and think (R&T) indicator) and CT skills (the inference (In) and interpretation (Int) indicators) on the "easy to use the PhET simulation" variable. Our findings highlight that combined PBL and PhET simulation has a significant relationship to develop students' CT and PS skills.
– Name: AbstractInfo
  Label: Abstractor
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  Data: As Provided
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2026
– Name: AN
  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: EJ1507066
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1507066
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 1138
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Critical Thinking
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thinking Skills
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Problem Solving
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical Logic
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Problem Based Learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematics Instruction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer Simulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 5
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elementary School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Religious Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Grade 9
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Junior High School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Skill Development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer Uses in Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Indonesia
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Combined PBL and PhET Simulation for Critical Thinking in Mathematical Reasoning and Problem-Solving Skills
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Siti Lailiyah
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            NameFull: Kusaeri
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            NameFull: Anni Mujahidad Dina
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            NameFull: Elmita Irmanila
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 2089-9823
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              Value: 2302-9277
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              Value: 20
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              Value: 2
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            – TitleFull: Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn)
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