An Assessment of the Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in Educational Leadership and Management Research

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Title: An Assessment of the Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in Educational Leadership and Management Research
Language: English
Authors: Yuting Zhang (ORCID 0000-0003-2353-8711), Donnie Adams (ORCID 0000-0001-7777-5187), Jun-Hwa Cheah (ORCID 0000-0001-8440-9564), Viraiyan Teeroovengadum (ORCID 0000-0003-3270-8532), T. Ramayah (ORCID 0000-0002-7580-7058)
Source: European Journal of Education. 2026 61(2).
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 18
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Information Analyses
Descriptors: Least Squares Statistics, Structural Equation Models, Educational Research, Instructional Leadership, Educational Administration
DOI: 10.1111/ejed.70600
ISSN: 0141-8211
1465-3435
Abstract: Structural equation modelling (SEM) has become a widely used method across various disciplines including educational leadership and management (EDLM). Although researchers in many disciplines have conducted reviews regarding the use of PLS-SEM, its application in EDLM has not yet been reviewed comprehensively. To address this gap, the authors reviewed 62 articles applying PLS-SEM published in leading EDLM journals over the past few decades. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and employed a narrative systematic review approach. It involved systematically collecting and analysing literature on PLS-SEM in EDLM. This review covers the reasons for using PLS-SEM, data characteristics, model characteristics, the use of advanced analyses, reporting and triangulation methods. Additionally, we identify several areas that offer room for improvement in applying this approach in the field. This study provides a set of suggestions and guidelines to inspire the advanced use of PLS-SEM approach, aiming to support researchers in maximising its functionality and generating more valuable academic and practical results in the future.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1507159
Database: ERIC
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  Data: An Assessment of the Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in Educational Leadership and Management Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yuting+Zhang%22">Yuting Zhang</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-8711">0000-0003-2353-8711</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Donnie+Adams%22">Donnie Adams</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7777-5187">0000-0001-7777-5187</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jun-Hwa+Cheah%22">Jun-Hwa Cheah</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8440-9564">0000-0001-8440-9564</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Viraiyan+Teeroovengadum%22">Viraiyan Teeroovengadum</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-8532">0000-0003-3270-8532</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22T%2E+Ramayah%22">T. Ramayah</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7580-7058">0000-0002-7580-7058</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22European+Journal+of+Education%22"><i>European Journal of Education</i></searchLink>. 2026 61(2).
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research<br />Information Analyses
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Least+Squares+Statistics%22">Least Squares Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+Equation+Models%22">Structural Equation Models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Research%22">Educational Research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Instructional+Leadership%22">Instructional Leadership</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Administration%22">Educational Administration</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1111/ejed.70600
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  Data: 0141-8211<br />1465-3435
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  Data: Structural equation modelling (SEM) has become a widely used method across various disciplines including educational leadership and management (EDLM). Although researchers in many disciplines have conducted reviews regarding the use of PLS-SEM, its application in EDLM has not yet been reviewed comprehensively. To address this gap, the authors reviewed 62 articles applying PLS-SEM published in leading EDLM journals over the past few decades. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and employed a narrative systematic review approach. It involved systematically collecting and analysing literature on PLS-SEM in EDLM. This review covers the reasons for using PLS-SEM, data characteristics, model characteristics, the use of advanced analyses, reporting and triangulation methods. Additionally, we identify several areas that offer room for improvement in applying this approach in the field. This study provides a set of suggestions and guidelines to inspire the advanced use of PLS-SEM approach, aiming to support researchers in maximising its functionality and generating more valuable academic and practical results in the future.
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      – SubjectFull: Least Squares Statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Structural Equation Models
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      – SubjectFull: Educational Research
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      – SubjectFull: Instructional Leadership
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      – SubjectFull: Educational Administration
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