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Influence of Teachers' Perceptions and Socioeconomic Factors on Climate-Responsive 4-K Club Activities Implementation in South Eastern Kenya

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Title: Influence of Teachers' Perceptions and Socioeconomic Factors on Climate-Responsive 4-K Club Activities Implementation in South Eastern Kenya
Language: English
Authors: Robert Kyalo Ndambuki (ORCID 0009-0007-1729-1165), Miriam N. Kyule (ORCID 0000-0002-5575-1800), Jacob J. J. O. Konyango (ORCID 0000-0003-4010-3023), Collins M. Musafiri (ORCID 0000-0002-7344-4644)
Source: European Journal of Education. 2026 61(2).
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 17
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Junior High Schools
Middle Schools
Secondary Education
Descriptors: Teacher Attitudes, Teacher Influence, Socioeconomic Influences, Climate, Environmental Education, Youth Programs, Agricultural Education, Program Implementation, Foreign Countries, School Activities, Junior High Schools, Junior High School Students, Gender Differences, Educational Attainment, Digital Literacy, Teacher Competencies, Critical Thinking, Problem Solving, Teacher Education, Faculty Development, Competency Based Education
Geographic Terms: Kenya
DOI: 10.1111/ejed.70562
ISSN: 0141-8211
1465-3435
Abstract: Climate extremes such as rising temperatures, erratic rainfall and frequent droughts pose significant threats to agriculture-dependent communities in Kenya. Education plays a crucial role in equipping learners, 'our future climate stewards,' with the necessary knowledge and skills to respond to these environmental changes. The 4-K Club, a school-based initiative focusing on practical agricultural and environmental learning, serves as a platform for promoting climate-resilient education. This study examines how teachers' perceptions and socioeconomic factors influence the implementation of climate-responsive 4-K Club activities in Junior schools in Makueni County. Data from 108 teachers were analysed using an ordered probit model. The implementation of 4-K Club activities ranged from 13.0% to 29.6%, reflecting a low level of activity. The study found that gender, education level and teachers' perceptions of digital literacy competency negatively influenced implementation intensity (β = -0.906, p = 0.015 for gender, β = -0.926, p = 0.016 for education level). In contrast, the presence of an active 4-K Club and teachers' perceptions of critical thinking and problem-solving competencies were associated with higher implementation intensity (β = 5.051, p < 0.001 for active 4-K Club). These findings underscore the importance of targeted teacher training, enhanced digital infrastructure, and institutional support in strengthening 4-K Club-based climate education within Kenya's Competency-Based Education (CBE). This study contributes valuable insights for enhancing teacher preparedness and informing policy frameworks aimed at integrating climate literacy and sustainable practices into school programs, offering lessons for climate education reform in similar developing contexts.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1507178
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Influence of Teachers&#39; Perceptions and Socioeconomic Factors on Climate-Responsive 4-K Club Activities Implementation in South Eastern Kenya
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Robert+Kyalo+Ndambuki%22&quot;&gt;Robert Kyalo Ndambuki&lt;/searchLink&gt; (ORCID &lt;externalLink term=&quot;https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1729-1165&quot;&gt;0009-0007-1729-1165&lt;/externalLink&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Miriam+N%2E+Kyule%22&quot;&gt;Miriam N. Kyule&lt;/searchLink&gt; (ORCID &lt;externalLink term=&quot;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5575-1800&quot;&gt;0000-0002-5575-1800&lt;/externalLink&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Jacob+J%2E+J%2E+O%2E+Konyango%22&quot;&gt;Jacob J. J. O. Konyango&lt;/searchLink&gt; (ORCID &lt;externalLink term=&quot;https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4010-3023&quot;&gt;0000-0003-4010-3023&lt;/externalLink&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Collins+M%2E+Musafiri%22&quot;&gt;Collins M. Musafiri&lt;/searchLink&gt; (ORCID &lt;externalLink term=&quot;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7344-4644&quot;&gt;0000-0002-7344-4644&lt;/externalLink&gt;)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;SO&quot; term=&quot;%22European+Journal+of+Education%22&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;European Journal of Education&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/searchLink&gt;. 2026 61(2).
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Kenya%22&quot;&gt;Kenya&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: 10.1111/ejed.70562
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  Data: 0141-8211&lt;br /&gt;1465-3435
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Climate extremes such as rising temperatures, erratic rainfall and frequent droughts pose significant threats to agriculture-dependent communities in Kenya. Education plays a crucial role in equipping learners, &#39;our future climate stewards,&#39; with the necessary knowledge and skills to respond to these environmental changes. The 4-K Club, a school-based initiative focusing on practical agricultural and environmental learning, serves as a platform for promoting climate-resilient education. This study examines how teachers&#39; perceptions and socioeconomic factors influence the implementation of climate-responsive 4-K Club activities in Junior schools in Makueni County. Data from 108 teachers were analysed using an ordered probit model. The implementation of 4-K Club activities ranged from 13.0% to 29.6%, reflecting a low level of activity. The study found that gender, education level and teachers&#39; perceptions of digital literacy competency negatively influenced implementation intensity (β = -0.906, p = 0.015 for gender, β = -0.926, p = 0.016 for education level). In contrast, the presence of an active 4-K Club and teachers&#39; perceptions of critical thinking and problem-solving competencies were associated with higher implementation intensity (β = 5.051, p &lt; 0.001 for active 4-K Club). These findings underscore the importance of targeted teacher training, enhanced digital infrastructure, and institutional support in strengthening 4-K Club-based climate education within Kenya&#39;s Competency-Based Education (CBE). This study contributes valuable insights for enhancing teacher preparedness and informing policy frameworks aimed at integrating climate literacy and sustainable practices into school programs, offering lessons for climate education reform in similar developing contexts.
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1507178
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        Value: 10.1111/ejed.70562
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 17
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Influence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic Influences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Climate
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      – SubjectFull: Environmental Education
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      – SubjectFull: Youth Programs
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      – SubjectFull: Program Implementation
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: School Activities
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      – SubjectFull: Junior High Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Junior High School Students
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      – SubjectFull: Gender Differences
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      – SubjectFull: Educational Attainment
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      – SubjectFull: Digital Literacy
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      – SubjectFull: Teacher Competencies
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      – SubjectFull: Critical Thinking
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      – SubjectFull: Problem Solving
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      – SubjectFull: Teacher Education
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      – SubjectFull: Faculty Development
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      – SubjectFull: Competency Based Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Kenya
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Influence of Teachers' Perceptions and Socioeconomic Factors on Climate-Responsive 4-K Club Activities Implementation in South Eastern Kenya
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