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Development and Validation of Upper Secondary Students' Attitudes towards Digital Competence Instrument in Malaysia

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Title: Development and Validation of Upper Secondary Students' Attitudes towards Digital Competence Instrument in Malaysia
Language: English
Authors: Nur Faeeza Abd. Ghafar (ORCID 0009-0002-4230-8831), Fazilah Razali (ORCID 0000-0002-1203-1010), Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub (ORCID 0000-0002-4313-2922)
Source: Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn). 2026 20(2):1056-1065.
Availability: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. C5 Plumbon, Banguntapan, Yogyakarta, 55198, Indonesia. e-mail: edulearn@uad.ac.id; Web site: http://edulearn.intelektual.org/index.php/EduLearn/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 10
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Secondary Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Secondary School Students, Student Attitudes, Technological Literacy, Test Construction, Test Validity, Test Reliability, Technology Uses in Education, Self Efficacy, Problem Solving, Interpersonal Competence, Information Literacy, Information Security, Behavior
Geographic Terms: Malaysia
ISSN: 2089-9823
2302-9277
Abstract: Digital competency is increasingly vital for students in today's technology-driven world. Despite efforts to enhance digital skills in education, measuring students' attitudes toward digital competency remains a challenge, especially in developing contexts like Malaysia. This paper develops and validates the upper secondary students' attitudes towards digital competency instrument (USSADCI) in Malaysia, providing a psychometrically reliable and valid tool specifically designed while addressing a gap in previous research. Using the Rasch measurement model (RMM), the USSADCI measures constructs such as digital technology application, problem-solving, interpersonal skills, data and information literacy, content creation, digital security, and digital citizenship. A survey method was employed, collecting 47 feedback from students in the urban secondary schools and 43 feedback from the rural secondary schools in the State of Perak. The analysis found that the reliability of the item was 0.96 with a separating index of 4.77. While the respondent's reliability was 0.92 with a separating index of 3.42. The 14 items were removed due to misfit, resulting in a final 42-item instrument. The study concludes that USSADCI is a robust tool for measuring digital competence attitudes in secondary education. Future research should expand its use to other regions and demographics, exploring the longitudinal impact of digital competence attitudes on students' academic performance and digital readiness.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1507257
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  Data: Development and Validation of Upper Secondary Students' Attitudes towards Digital Competence Instrument in Malaysia
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nur+Faeeza+Abd%2E+Ghafar%22">Nur Faeeza Abd. Ghafar</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4230-8831">0009-0002-4230-8831</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fazilah+Razali%22">Fazilah Razali</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1203-1010">0000-0002-1203-1010</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ahmad+Fauzi+Mohd+Ayub%22">Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4313-2922">0000-0002-4313-2922</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Education+and+Learning+%28EduLearn%29%22"><i>Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn)</i></searchLink>. 2026 20(2):1056-1065.
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  Label: Availability
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  Data: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. C5 Plumbon, Banguntapan, Yogyakarta, 55198, Indonesia. e-mail: edulearn@uad.ac.id; Web site: http://edulearn.intelektual.org/index.php/EduLearn/
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 10
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Secondary+Education%22">Secondary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Secondary+School+Students%22">Secondary School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Attitudes%22">Student Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Technological+Literacy%22">Technological Literacy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Construction%22">Test Construction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Validity%22">Test Validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Reliability%22">Test Reliability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Technology+Uses+in+Education%22">Technology Uses in Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self+Efficacy%22">Self Efficacy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Problem+Solving%22">Problem Solving</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interpersonal+Competence%22">Interpersonal Competence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Information+Literacy%22">Information Literacy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Information+Security%22">Information Security</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior%22">Behavior</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Malaysia%22">Malaysia</searchLink>
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  Label: ISSN
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  Data: 2089-9823<br />2302-9277
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Digital competency is increasingly vital for students in today's technology-driven world. Despite efforts to enhance digital skills in education, measuring students' attitudes toward digital competency remains a challenge, especially in developing contexts like Malaysia. This paper develops and validates the upper secondary students' attitudes towards digital competency instrument (USSADCI) in Malaysia, providing a psychometrically reliable and valid tool specifically designed while addressing a gap in previous research. Using the Rasch measurement model (RMM), the USSADCI measures constructs such as digital technology application, problem-solving, interpersonal skills, data and information literacy, content creation, digital security, and digital citizenship. A survey method was employed, collecting 47 feedback from students in the urban secondary schools and 43 feedback from the rural secondary schools in the State of Perak. The analysis found that the reliability of the item was 0.96 with a separating index of 4.77. While the respondent's reliability was 0.92 with a separating index of 3.42. The 14 items were removed due to misfit, resulting in a final 42-item instrument. The study concludes that USSADCI is a robust tool for measuring digital competence attitudes in secondary education. Future research should expand its use to other regions and demographics, exploring the longitudinal impact of digital competence attitudes on students' academic performance and digital readiness.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1507257
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 1056
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Secondary School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Technological Literacy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Construction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Validity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Reliability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Technology Uses in Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self Efficacy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Problem Solving
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      – SubjectFull: Interpersonal Competence
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      – SubjectFull: Information Literacy
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      – SubjectFull: Information Security
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      – SubjectFull: Behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Malaysia
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Development and Validation of Upper Secondary Students' Attitudes towards Digital Competence Instrument in Malaysia
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            NameFull: Fazilah Razali
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