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Structural Equation Modeling of Factors Influencing Intent to Use Virtual Manipulatives on Mathematics Learning in Inclusive Elementary Schools

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Title: Structural Equation Modeling of Factors Influencing Intent to Use Virtual Manipulatives on Mathematics Learning in Inclusive Elementary Schools
Language: English
Authors: I Made Suarjana (ORCID 0000-0002-4912-9062), Alexander Hamonangan Simamora (ORCID 0000-0002-9571-2072), Gusti Ngurah Sastra Agustika (ORCID 0009-0000-4021-5354), Putu Nanci Riastini (ORCID 0000-0002-6727-0959), I Gede Wahyu Suwela Antara (ORCID 0000-0001-6742-0817)
Source: Journal of Education and e-Learning Research. 2026 13(1):157-164.
Availability: Asian Online Journal Publishing Group. 244 Fifth Avenue Suite D42, New York, NY 10001. Fax: 212-591-6094; e-mail: info@asianonlinejournals.com; Web site: http://www.asianonlinejournals.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 8
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Education
Descriptors: Manipulative Materials, Educational Technology, Computer Uses in Education, Elementary School Teachers, Readiness, Accessibility (for Disabled), Student Needs, Students with Disabilities, Inclusion, Mathematics Instruction, Intention, Foreign Countries, Educational Needs, Satisfaction
Geographic Terms: Indonesia
ISSN: 2518-0169
2410-9991
Abstract: Virtual manipulatives are efforts to realize quality education that is equitable and aligned with user needs within the framework of inclusive education. This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect effects of user readiness, accessibility needs, pedagogical needs, and institutional support on the intention to use virtual manipulatives, with need satisfaction serving as a moderating variable. The research employs a quantitative approach utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The population comprises elementary school teachers providing inclusive education in Bali Province, Indonesia. The sample was selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 176 teachers. Data collection was conducted via questionnaires distributed through the Google Form platform. The collected data were analyzed using SEM with a Partial Least Squares(PLS) approach, employing SmartPLS version 4.0 as the analytical tool. The main findings indicate that user readiness, accessibility needs, pedagogical needs, and institutional support positively and significantly influence need satisfaction, which in turn indirectly affects the intention to use virtual manipulatives. Additionally, the results show that need satisfaction mediates the relationship between all independent variables and the dependent variable.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1507442
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=EJ1507442
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  Data: Structural Equation Modeling of Factors Influencing Intent to Use Virtual Manipulatives on Mathematics Learning in Inclusive Elementary Schools
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22I+Made+Suarjana%22">I Made Suarjana</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-9062">0000-0002-4912-9062</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alexander+Hamonangan+Simamora%22">Alexander Hamonangan Simamora</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9571-2072">0000-0002-9571-2072</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gusti+Ngurah+Sastra+Agustika%22">Gusti Ngurah Sastra Agustika</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4021-5354">0009-0000-4021-5354</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Putu+Nanci+Riastini%22">Putu Nanci Riastini</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6727-0959">0000-0002-6727-0959</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22I+Gede+Wahyu+Suwela+Antara%22">I Gede Wahyu Suwela Antara</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6742-0817">0000-0001-6742-0817</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Education+and+e-Learning+Research%22"><i>Journal of Education and e-Learning Research</i></searchLink>. 2026 13(1):157-164.
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  Data: Asian Online Journal Publishing Group. 244 Fifth Avenue Suite D42, New York, NY 10001. Fax: 212-591-6094; e-mail: info@asianonlinejournals.com; Web site: http://www.asianonlinejournals.com
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  Data: 8
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Education%22">Elementary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Manipulative+Materials%22">Manipulative Materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Technology%22">Educational Technology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+Uses+in+Education%22">Computer Uses in Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+School+Teachers%22">Elementary School Teachers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Readiness%22">Readiness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Accessibility+%28for+Disabled%29%22">Accessibility (for Disabled)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Needs%22">Student Needs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Students+with+Disabilities%22">Students with Disabilities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Inclusion%22">Inclusion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematics+Instruction%22">Mathematics Instruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intention%22">Intention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Needs%22">Educational Needs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Satisfaction%22">Satisfaction</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indonesia%22">Indonesia</searchLink>
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  Data: 2518-0169<br />2410-9991
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  Data: Virtual manipulatives are efforts to realize quality education that is equitable and aligned with user needs within the framework of inclusive education. This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect effects of user readiness, accessibility needs, pedagogical needs, and institutional support on the intention to use virtual manipulatives, with need satisfaction serving as a moderating variable. The research employs a quantitative approach utilizing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The population comprises elementary school teachers providing inclusive education in Bali Province, Indonesia. The sample was selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 176 teachers. Data collection was conducted via questionnaires distributed through the Google Form platform. The collected data were analyzed using SEM with a Partial Least Squares(PLS) approach, employing SmartPLS version 4.0 as the analytical tool. The main findings indicate that user readiness, accessibility needs, pedagogical needs, and institutional support positively and significantly influence need satisfaction, which in turn indirectly affects the intention to use virtual manipulatives. Additionally, the results show that need satisfaction mediates the relationship between all independent variables and the dependent variable.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1507442
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  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 157
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Manipulative Materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational Technology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer Uses in Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elementary School Teachers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Readiness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Accessibility (for Disabled)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Needs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Students with Disabilities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Inclusion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematics Instruction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational Needs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Satisfaction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Indonesia
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Structural Equation Modeling of Factors Influencing Intent to Use Virtual Manipulatives on Mathematics Learning in Inclusive Elementary Schools
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            NameFull: Alexander Hamonangan Simamora
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            NameFull: Gusti Ngurah Sastra Agustika
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              Y: 2026
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