Design and Effectiveness of the HyFlex-VR Learning Model for Emancipated Learning in Higher Education
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| Title: | Design and Effectiveness of the HyFlex-VR Learning Model for Emancipated Learning in Higher Education |
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| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Ridwan Daud Mahande (ORCID |
| Source: | Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. 2026 18(3):951-972. |
| Availability: | Emerald Publishing Limited. Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley, West Yorkshire, BD16 1WA, UK. Tel: +44-1274-777700; Fax: +44-1274-785201; e-mail: emerald@emeraldinsight.com; Web site: http://www.emerald.com/insight |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 22 |
| Publication Date: | 2026 |
| Document Type: | Journal Articles Reports - Research Tests/Questionnaires |
| Education Level: | Higher Education Postsecondary Education |
| Descriptors: | Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Learning Modalities, In Person Learning, Asynchronous Communication, Synchronous Communication, Electronic Learning, Computer Simulation, Simulated Environment, Material Development, Multimedia Materials, Computer Uses in Education, Educational Technology, Independent Study, Individualized Instruction |
| Geographic Terms: | Indonesia |
| DOI: | 10.1108/JARHE-12-2024-0713 |
| ISSN: | 2050-7003 1758-1184 |
| Abstract: | Purpose: This study aimed to design and evaluate the effectiveness of the HyFlex-VR learning model in fostering emancipated learning, which enhances creativity, critical thinking, problem-solving and self-directed learning in higher education. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed a mixed-methods approach. Data were collected through a structured online questionnaire administered to 659 students from 2 state universities and 1 private university in Indonesia. The quantitative analysis used descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling to assess the validity, reliability and relationships between constructs. A qualitative analysis was conducted through open interviews to explore students' experiences with the HyFlex-VR model. Findings: The study resulted in the design of the HyFlex-VR learning model, which integrates multimedia technology, content and pedagogy into four learning modalities: face-to-face, synchronous online, asynchronous online and virtual reality (VR). This model effectively provides students with full flexibility and control, enhances engagement, creativity and critical thinking skills and creates immersive, engaging and enjoyable learning experiences. Research limitations/implications: This study is limited to the application of the HyFlex-VR model in several departments and universities in Indonesia, with infrastructure factors and technological skills that can affect the effectiveness of the model. These findings have important implications for the development of innovative learning models in universities. Originality/value: This study offers a new perspective by integrating the four learning modalities into a single model to foster active student engagement and personalised learning experiences. |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Entry Date: | 2026 |
| Accession Number: | EJ1507618 |
| Database: | ERIC |
| Abstract: | Purpose: This study aimed to design and evaluate the effectiveness of the HyFlex-VR learning model in fostering emancipated learning, which enhances creativity, critical thinking, problem-solving and self-directed learning in higher education. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed a mixed-methods approach. Data were collected through a structured online questionnaire administered to 659 students from 2 state universities and 1 private university in Indonesia. The quantitative analysis used descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling to assess the validity, reliability and relationships between constructs. A qualitative analysis was conducted through open interviews to explore students' experiences with the HyFlex-VR model. Findings: The study resulted in the design of the HyFlex-VR learning model, which integrates multimedia technology, content and pedagogy into four learning modalities: face-to-face, synchronous online, asynchronous online and virtual reality (VR). This model effectively provides students with full flexibility and control, enhances engagement, creativity and critical thinking skills and creates immersive, engaging and enjoyable learning experiences. Research limitations/implications: This study is limited to the application of the HyFlex-VR model in several departments and universities in Indonesia, with infrastructure factors and technological skills that can affect the effectiveness of the model. These findings have important implications for the development of innovative learning models in universities. Originality/value: This study offers a new perspective by integrating the four learning modalities into a single model to foster active student engagement and personalised learning experiences. |
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| ISSN: | 2050-7003 1758-1184 |
| DOI: | 10.1108/JARHE-12-2024-0713 |
