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Epistemic Network Models of Students' Cognitive Engagement and Teachers' Feedback in Online Research Writing Courses

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Title: Epistemic Network Models of Students' Cognitive Engagement and Teachers' Feedback in Online Research Writing Courses
Language: English
Authors: Alvin B. Barcelona
Source: Online Learning. 2026 30(1):323-349.
Availability: Online Learning Consortium, Inc. P.O. Box 1238, Newburyport, MA 01950. Tel: 888-898-6209; Fax: 888-898-6209; e-mail: olj@onlinelearning-c.org; Web site: https://olj.onlinelearningconsortium.org/index.php/olj/index
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 27
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: High Schools
Secondary Education
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Learner Engagement, Teacher Student Relationship, Writing Instruction, Feedback (Response), Electronic Learning, Online Courses, Synchronous Communication, Asynchronous Communication, Foreign Countries, Private Schools, Writing Research, High School Students, Student Attitudes, Teacher Attitudes, High School Teachers
Geographic Terms: Philippines
ISSN: 2472-5749
2472-5730
Abstract: Understanding cultural systems in online learning with voluminous data, such as the engagement of students and teachers, has proven to be challenging. This predicament catalyzed the need for an emerging methodology to assess learning and complex thinking in online environments using statistical tools to analyze qualitative data. Quantitative Ethnography (QE) blends qualitative and quantitative approaches and uses statistical tools in analyzing qualitative data. This study advanced Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA), a QE tool, to analyze the engagement of teachers and students in online research courses of six groups of students. Observation of synchronous classes and asynchronous activities was carried out, 4,137 utterances were coded, and network models of engagements were generated. The findings show that the ENA engagement models among teachers and students in synchronous and asynchronous sessions differed significantly, with the teachers giving more frequent and varied feedback during synchronous classes. The network models of engagement in synchronous classes reveal the co-occurrence of students' cognitive engagement and teachers' feedback. When students try to connect with the lesson, they are given corrective feedback, and when they extend their understanding of the content, they are given affective feedback. On the other hand, when students are given prompts during asynchronous sessions, they try to connect. When they simply agree, they are given informative procedural feedback, and when they emancipate their understanding, they receive affective feedback. This study illuminates the methodological advantages of ENA as an ethnographic tool that mixes qualitative and quantitative approaches in understanding cultural systems and processes in online education.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1507888
Database: ERIC
FullText Links:
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  Data: Epistemic Network Models of Students' Cognitive Engagement and Teachers' Feedback in Online Research Writing Courses
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  Data: Online Learning Consortium, Inc. P.O. Box 1238, Newburyport, MA 01950. Tel: 888-898-6209; Fax: 888-898-6209; e-mail: olj@onlinelearning-c.org; Web site: https://olj.onlinelearningconsortium.org/index.php/olj/index
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  Data: Understanding cultural systems in online learning with voluminous data, such as the engagement of students and teachers, has proven to be challenging. This predicament catalyzed the need for an emerging methodology to assess learning and complex thinking in online environments using statistical tools to analyze qualitative data. Quantitative Ethnography (QE) blends qualitative and quantitative approaches and uses statistical tools in analyzing qualitative data. This study advanced Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA), a QE tool, to analyze the engagement of teachers and students in online research courses of six groups of students. Observation of synchronous classes and asynchronous activities was carried out, 4,137 utterances were coded, and network models of engagements were generated. The findings show that the ENA engagement models among teachers and students in synchronous and asynchronous sessions differed significantly, with the teachers giving more frequent and varied feedback during synchronous classes. The network models of engagement in synchronous classes reveal the co-occurrence of students' cognitive engagement and teachers' feedback. When students try to connect with the lesson, they are given corrective feedback, and when they extend their understanding of the content, they are given affective feedback. On the other hand, when students are given prompts during asynchronous sessions, they try to connect. When they simply agree, they are given informative procedural feedback, and when they emancipate their understanding, they receive affective feedback. This study illuminates the methodological advantages of ENA as an ethnographic tool that mixes qualitative and quantitative approaches in understanding cultural systems and processes in online education.
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      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
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        PageCount: 27
        StartPage: 323
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Processes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Learner Engagement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Student Relationship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Writing Instruction
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      – SubjectFull: Feedback (Response)
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      – SubjectFull: Electronic Learning
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      – SubjectFull: Online Courses
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      – SubjectFull: Synchronous Communication
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      – SubjectFull: Asynchronous Communication
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Private Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Writing Research
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      – SubjectFull: High School Students
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      – SubjectFull: Student Attitudes
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      – SubjectFull: Teacher Attitudes
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      – SubjectFull: High School Teachers
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      – SubjectFull: Philippines
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Epistemic Network Models of Students' Cognitive Engagement and Teachers' Feedback in Online Research Writing Courses
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