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Growth Mindsets and Achievement: Evidence across Academic and Creative Domains from an International Perspective

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Title: Growth Mindsets and Achievement: Evidence across Academic and Creative Domains from an International Perspective
Language: English
Authors: Seong Won Han (ORCID 0000-0002-3676-2483), Francesca Borgonovi (ORCID 0000-0002-6759-4515)
Source: Journal of Adolescence. 2026 98(4):1064-1074.
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 11
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Secondary Education
Descriptors: Self Efficacy, Beliefs, Student Attitudes, Academic Achievement, Transfer of Training, Skill Development, Intelligence, Mathematics Achievement, Reading Achievement, Creative Thinking, Creativity, Problem Solving, Achievement Tests, Foreign Countries, International Assessment, Secondary School Students, Incidence, Gender Differences, Advantaged
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Program for International Student Assessment
DOI: 10.1002/jad.70117
ISSN: 0140-1971
1095-9254
Abstract: Introduction: Developing students' transversal skills, such as creativity, alongside strong academic foundations, has become an increasing priority for education systems worldwide. However, most existing research on mindsets and achievement has focused on general intelligence growth mindsets or growth mindsets in academic domains, particularly mathematics, leaving the role of mindsets in transversal skill development largely unexplored. Methods: This study examines how growth mindset about general intelligence and domain-specific growth mindsets in mathematics, reading, and creativity are associated with achievement in mathematics, reading, and creative problem solving using data from 471,971 students across 64 education systems, drawn from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2022. We extend prior research, which has largely focused on general intelligence or mathematics mindsets in single-country contexts, by analyzing multi-domain and cross-national patterns. To address unobserved individual-level confounders, we leverage within-student, between-domain variation in mindsets and achievement, providing a more rigorous assessment of domain-specific associations. We additionally estimated models separately by gender, socioeconomic background, immigrant status, and OECD versus non-OECD systems to examine how associations vary across student and system contexts. Results: Growth mindsets vary systematically across domains, with mathematics showing the lowest prevalence and general intelligence beliefs the highest. Domain-specific growth mindsets are positively associated with domain-congruent achievement in mathematics and reading, but not in creativity. Associations vary by student background, being stronger for girls, advantaged students, and those in OECD countries. Conclusions: Findings suggest that growth mindsets are domain-bound rather than universal, with implications for theory, measurement, and the design of interventions tailored to academic and transversal skill domains.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1507908
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Growth Mindsets and Achievement: Evidence across Academic and Creative Domains from an International Perspective
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Seong+Won+Han%22">Seong Won Han</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3676-2483">0000-0002-3676-2483</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Francesca+Borgonovi%22">Francesca Borgonovi</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6759-4515">0000-0002-6759-4515</externalLink>)
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: 10.1002/jad.70117
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  Data: 0140-1971<br />1095-9254
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  Data: Introduction: Developing students' transversal skills, such as creativity, alongside strong academic foundations, has become an increasing priority for education systems worldwide. However, most existing research on mindsets and achievement has focused on general intelligence growth mindsets or growth mindsets in academic domains, particularly mathematics, leaving the role of mindsets in transversal skill development largely unexplored. Methods: This study examines how growth mindset about general intelligence and domain-specific growth mindsets in mathematics, reading, and creativity are associated with achievement in mathematics, reading, and creative problem solving using data from 471,971 students across 64 education systems, drawn from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2022. We extend prior research, which has largely focused on general intelligence or mathematics mindsets in single-country contexts, by analyzing multi-domain and cross-national patterns. To address unobserved individual-level confounders, we leverage within-student, between-domain variation in mindsets and achievement, providing a more rigorous assessment of domain-specific associations. We additionally estimated models separately by gender, socioeconomic background, immigrant status, and OECD versus non-OECD systems to examine how associations vary across student and system contexts. Results: Growth mindsets vary systematically across domains, with mathematics showing the lowest prevalence and general intelligence beliefs the highest. Domain-specific growth mindsets are positively associated with domain-congruent achievement in mathematics and reading, but not in creativity. Associations vary by student background, being stronger for girls, advantaged students, and those in OECD countries. Conclusions: Findings suggest that growth mindsets are domain-bound rather than universal, with implications for theory, measurement, and the design of interventions tailored to academic and transversal skill domains.
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      – SubjectFull: Self Efficacy
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      – SubjectFull: Beliefs
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