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From Attentional Fluctuations to Intentional Fluctuations? Monitoring Behavior and Intraindividual Variability in Time-Based Prospective Memory

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Title: From Attentional Fluctuations to Intentional Fluctuations? Monitoring Behavior and Intraindividual Variability in Time-Based Prospective Memory
Language: English
Authors: Emilie Joly-Burra (ORCID 0000-0001-7381-1566), Maximilian Haas, Gianvito Laera, Paolo Ghisletta, Matthias Kliegel, Sascha Zuber
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 2025 51(1):46-67.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 22
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Memory, Attention, Adults, Reaction Time, Accuracy
DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001344
ISSN: 0278-7393
1939-1285
Abstract: In sharp contrast to event-based prospective memory (PM), dynamics of (re)allocation of attention between the ongoing and PM tasks have been much less investigated in time-based PM tasks. We propose an in-depth examination of attention allocation in a time-based PM task by jointly analyzing multiple indicators of time-monitoring behavior, net and time-structured intraindividual variability (IIV) in ongoing-task reaction times (OT RTs), and task performance. Results from dynamic structural equation modeling in a lifespan sample of 198 adults (19-86 years) revealed that larger fluctuations in OT RTs (net IIV) predicted poorer OT performance, but fostered a more efficient pattern of time-monitoring behavior (i.e., checking a clock more frequently and strategically, and slowing OT RTs during the PM response window) that, in turn, enhanced PM. Conversely, greater inertia in OT RTs (time-structured IIV) led to fewer clock-checks and poorer PM performance. Focusing attention on time monitoring to enhance PM performance did not detrimentally affect OT accuracy. Instead, participants showed a speed-accuracy tradeoff to optimize both OT and PM accuracies by slowing their OT RTs during the PM response window. This study therefore shows that two concomitant aspects of IIV (net and time-structured IIV) not only predicted time-monitoring behavior, but also OT and PM accuracies differentially, hence advocating for the necessity to consider both aspects of IIV and time monitoring together to better understand attention allocation policies in time-based PM tasks.
Abstractor: As Provided
Notes: https://osf.io/53ucf
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1508324
Database: ERIC
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  Data: From Attentional Fluctuations to Intentional Fluctuations? Monitoring Behavior and Intraindividual Variability in Time-Based Prospective Memory
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Emilie+Joly-Burra%22">Emilie Joly-Burra</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7381-1566">0000-0001-7381-1566</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maximilian+Haas%22">Maximilian Haas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gianvito+Laera%22">Gianvito Laera</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Paolo+Ghisletta%22">Paolo Ghisletta</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Matthias+Kliegel%22">Matthias Kliegel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sascha+Zuber%22">Sascha Zuber</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Experimental+Psychology%3A+Learning%2C+Memory%2C+and+Cognition%22"><i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition</i></searchLink>. 2025 51(1):46-67.
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: 22
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Memory%22">Memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attention%22">Attention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adults%22">Adults</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reaction+Time%22">Reaction Time</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Accuracy%22">Accuracy</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1037/xlm0001344
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  Data: 0278-7393<br />1939-1285
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: In sharp contrast to event-based prospective memory (PM), dynamics of (re)allocation of attention between the ongoing and PM tasks have been much less investigated in time-based PM tasks. We propose an in-depth examination of attention allocation in a time-based PM task by jointly analyzing multiple indicators of time-monitoring behavior, net and time-structured intraindividual variability (IIV) in ongoing-task reaction times (OT RTs), and task performance. Results from dynamic structural equation modeling in a lifespan sample of 198 adults (19-86 years) revealed that larger fluctuations in OT RTs (net IIV) predicted poorer OT performance, but fostered a more efficient pattern of time-monitoring behavior (i.e., checking a clock more frequently and strategically, and slowing OT RTs during the PM response window) that, in turn, enhanced PM. Conversely, greater inertia in OT RTs (time-structured IIV) led to fewer clock-checks and poorer PM performance. Focusing attention on time monitoring to enhance PM performance did not detrimentally affect OT accuracy. Instead, participants showed a speed-accuracy tradeoff to optimize both OT and PM accuracies by slowing their OT RTs during the PM response window. This study therefore shows that two concomitant aspects of IIV (net and time-structured IIV) not only predicted time-monitoring behavior, but also OT and PM accuracies differentially, hence advocating for the necessity to consider both aspects of IIV and time monitoring together to better understand attention allocation policies in time-based PM tasks.
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: https://osf.io/53ucf
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  Data: 2026
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      – SubjectFull: Attention
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      – SubjectFull: Reaction Time
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      – SubjectFull: Accuracy
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      – TitleFull: From Attentional Fluctuations to Intentional Fluctuations? Monitoring Behavior and Intraindividual Variability in Time-Based Prospective Memory
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