School Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study of Academic Motivation, Peer Connectedness, and School Liking among Gifted and Nonidentified Early Adolescents
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| Title: | School Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study of Academic Motivation, Peer Connectedness, and School Liking among Gifted and Nonidentified Early Adolescents |
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| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Tzu-Jung Lin (ORCID |
| Source: | Gifted Child Quarterly. 2026 70(3):368-387. |
| Availability: | SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com |
| Peer Reviewed: | N |
| Page Count: | 20 |
| Publication Date: | 2026 |
| Document Type: | Journal Articles Reports - Research |
| Education Level: | Early Childhood Education Elementary Education Grade 3 Primary Education Grade 4 Intermediate Grades Grade 5 Middle Schools Grade 6 |
| Descriptors: | Academically Gifted, Early Adolescents, Well Being, COVID-19, Pandemics, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, Children, Student Motivation, Student Attitudes, Peer Relationship, Expectation, Risk, Resilience (Psychology) |
| DOI: | 10.1177/00169862251392225 |
| ISSN: | 0016-9862 1934-9041 |
| Abstract: | This longitudinal study tracked the trajectories of school well-being of gifted and nonidentified early adolescents before and through the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2022). We used a prospective cohort panel design that followed students (N =1,033) from Grade 3 until the end of Grade 6. Three aspects of school well-being were examined through both hedonic and eudaimonic views of well-being: school liking, peer connectedness, and academic motivation. Longitudinal multilevel modeling showed that the pandemic was associated with negative shifts in students' academic motivation, but not with school liking or peer connectedness. When considering students' gifted status, students gifted in superior cognitive abilities, reading, or math showed similar trajectories of school liking but greater declines in peer connectedness than their nonidentified peers, especially during the pandemic years. The gifted students also showed a slower rate of growth in math expectancy than nonidentified students over time, regardless of the state of the pandemic. Students gifted in math experienced a shift from high and stable academic motivation in the prepandemic years to a decline during the pandemic, while other students experienced a shift from growth in academic motivation before the pandemic to maintaining the same or lower levels during the pandemic. Our findings shed light on gifted early adolescents' resilience and vulnerability during transitions and upheavals like the pandemic, illuminating future research directions on how schools can differentiate their adaptation and support for gifted students at a uniquely important time in their development. |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Entry Date: | 2026 |
| Accession Number: | EJ1508553 |
| Database: | ERIC |
| Abstract: | This longitudinal study tracked the trajectories of school well-being of gifted and nonidentified early adolescents before and through the COVID-19 pandemic (2019-2022). We used a prospective cohort panel design that followed students (N =1,033) from Grade 3 until the end of Grade 6. Three aspects of school well-being were examined through both hedonic and eudaimonic views of well-being: school liking, peer connectedness, and academic motivation. Longitudinal multilevel modeling showed that the pandemic was associated with negative shifts in students' academic motivation, but not with school liking or peer connectedness. When considering students' gifted status, students gifted in superior cognitive abilities, reading, or math showed similar trajectories of school liking but greater declines in peer connectedness than their nonidentified peers, especially during the pandemic years. The gifted students also showed a slower rate of growth in math expectancy than nonidentified students over time, regardless of the state of the pandemic. Students gifted in math experienced a shift from high and stable academic motivation in the prepandemic years to a decline during the pandemic, while other students experienced a shift from growth in academic motivation before the pandemic to maintaining the same or lower levels during the pandemic. Our findings shed light on gifted early adolescents' resilience and vulnerability during transitions and upheavals like the pandemic, illuminating future research directions on how schools can differentiate their adaptation and support for gifted students at a uniquely important time in their development. |
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| ISSN: | 0016-9862 1934-9041 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/00169862251392225 |
