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Considering Students' Basic Psychological Needs in Feedback Processes in the Teaching of Swedish

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Title: Considering Students' Basic Psychological Needs in Feedback Processes in the Teaching of Swedish
Language: English
Authors: Toni Mäkipää (ORCID 0000-0003-3598-8840), Sara Karhu
Source: Foreign Language Annals. 2026 59(2):409-429.
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 21
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Tests/Questionnaires
Descriptors: Student Needs, Psychological Needs, Feedback (Response), Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning, Swedish, Foreign Countries, Teaching Methods, Motivation Techniques, Personal Autonomy, Reflection, Learning Motivation, Language Teachers, Teacher Student Relationship, Trust (Psychology)
Geographic Terms: Finland
DOI: 10.1111/flan.70026
ISSN: 0015-718X
1944-9720
Abstract: This qualitative study investigated how teachers of Swedish as a second language in Finland perceive they enhance their students' language learning by considering the students' basic psychological needs in feedback processes. This study was conducted in a context where most students were disinclined to study Swedish. Fifteen teachers teaching at various educational levels were interviewed and the data were analyzed using theory-driven content analysis. The findings suggest that these teachers of Swedish used encouragement largely in feedback processes. The teachers also supported autonomy by enhancing reflection and setting personal learning goals. Moreover, the teachers found it particularly important to establish a learning environment based on trust and rapport. In doing so, the teachers believed they were enhancing students' language learning and motivation. The findings imply that by increasing language teachers' awareness of basic psychological needs, students' language learning outcomes may improve, especially in contexts where most students are little motivated to study the language. Pedagogical implications, such as supporting students' individuality and creating a trusting relationship, are discussed.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1508723
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Considering Students' Basic Psychological Needs in Feedback Processes in the Teaching of Swedish
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Toni+Mäkipää%22">Toni Mäkipää</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3598-8840">0000-0003-3598-8840</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sara+Karhu%22">Sara Karhu</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Foreign+Language+Annals%22"><i>Foreign Language Annals</i></searchLink>. 2026 59(2):409-429.
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Needs%22">Student Needs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+Needs%22">Psychological Needs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Feedback+%28Response%29%22">Feedback (Response)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Second+Language+Instruction%22">Second Language Instruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Second+Language+Learning%22">Second Language Learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Swedish%22">Swedish</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teaching+Methods%22">Teaching Methods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motivation+Techniques%22">Motivation Techniques</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Personal+Autonomy%22">Personal Autonomy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reflection%22">Reflection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Learning+Motivation%22">Learning Motivation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Teachers%22">Language Teachers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Student+Relationship%22">Teacher Student Relationship</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Trust+%28Psychology%29%22">Trust (Psychology)</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1111/flan.70026
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  Data: 0015-718X<br />1944-9720
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This qualitative study investigated how teachers of Swedish as a second language in Finland perceive they enhance their students' language learning by considering the students' basic psychological needs in feedback processes. This study was conducted in a context where most students were disinclined to study Swedish. Fifteen teachers teaching at various educational levels were interviewed and the data were analyzed using theory-driven content analysis. The findings suggest that these teachers of Swedish used encouragement largely in feedback processes. The teachers also supported autonomy by enhancing reflection and setting personal learning goals. Moreover, the teachers found it particularly important to establish a learning environment based on trust and rapport. In doing so, the teachers believed they were enhancing students' language learning and motivation. The findings imply that by increasing language teachers' awareness of basic psychological needs, students' language learning outcomes may improve, especially in contexts where most students are little motivated to study the language. Pedagogical implications, such as supporting students' individuality and creating a trusting relationship, are discussed.
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        Value: 10.1111/flan.70026
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 21
        StartPage: 409
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      – SubjectFull: Student Needs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological Needs
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      – SubjectFull: Feedback (Response)
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      – SubjectFull: Second Language Learning
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      – SubjectFull: Swedish
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      – SubjectFull: Teaching Methods
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      – SubjectFull: Motivation Techniques
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      – SubjectFull: Personal Autonomy
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      – SubjectFull: Reflection
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      – SubjectFull: Learning Motivation
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      – SubjectFull: Language Teachers
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      – SubjectFull: Teacher Student Relationship
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      – SubjectFull: Trust (Psychology)
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      – SubjectFull: Finland
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