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Fifty Worlds of Welfare: State Discretion and Social Citizenship since 1994

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Title: Fifty Worlds of Welfare: State Discretion and Social Citizenship since 1994
Language: English
Authors: Sarah K. Bruch (ORCID 0000-0002-4071-9971), Arun Chaudhary, Colin Gordon (ORCID 0000-0002-8417-7182), KaLeigh K. White
Source: RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences. 2026 12(1):34-66.
Availability: Russell Sage Foundation. 112 East 64th Street, New York, NY 10065. Tel: 212-750-6000; e-mail: journal@rsage.org; Web site: www.rsfjournal.org/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 33
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: State Programs, Low Income, Family Programs, Differences, Federal Legislation, Welfare Services, Public Policy, Eligibility, Financial Support, State Aid, Trend Analysis, Federal Programs, Child Care
Laws, Policies and Program Identifiers: Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunities Reconciliation Act, Social Security
ISSN: 2377-8253
2377-8261
Abstract: The efficacy of social citizenship is determined by the generosity and the inclusiveness of assistance, and by the terms under which such assistance is offered. In the United States, social policies have historically been characterized by deference to private markets, categorical tiers of eligibility, and marked variation across local and state jurisdictions. In this article, we describe and characterize the reconfiguration of American social provision over a three-decade span (1994-2022). Using the State Safety Net Policy (SNNP) dataset, we employ comparable measures of the generosity of assistance and the inclusiveness of receipt across nine safety net programs for low-income families with children. These measures allow us to detail program trends, assess the extent of cross-state variation in provision, and tease out the implications of both for substantive social citizenship in the United States.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1510594
Database: ERIC
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sarah+K%2E+Bruch%22">Sarah K. Bruch</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4071-9971">0000-0002-4071-9971</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arun+Chaudhary%22">Arun Chaudhary</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Colin+Gordon%22">Colin Gordon</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8417-7182">0000-0002-8417-7182</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22KaLeigh+K%2E+White%22">KaLeigh K. White</searchLink>
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  Data: The efficacy of social citizenship is determined by the generosity and the inclusiveness of assistance, and by the terms under which such assistance is offered. In the United States, social policies have historically been characterized by deference to private markets, categorical tiers of eligibility, and marked variation across local and state jurisdictions. In this article, we describe and characterize the reconfiguration of American social provision over a three-decade span (1994-2022). Using the State Safety Net Policy (SNNP) dataset, we employ comparable measures of the generosity of assistance and the inclusiveness of receipt across nine safety net programs for low-income families with children. These measures allow us to detail program trends, assess the extent of cross-state variation in provision, and tease out the implications of both for substantive social citizenship in the United States.
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      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 33
        StartPage: 34
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: State Programs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Low Income
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Family Programs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Differences
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      – SubjectFull: Federal Legislation
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      – SubjectFull: Welfare Services
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      – SubjectFull: Public Policy
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      – SubjectFull: Eligibility
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      – SubjectFull: Financial Support
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      – SubjectFull: State Aid
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Trend Analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Federal Programs
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      – SubjectFull: Child Care
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      – SubjectFull: Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunities Reconciliation Act
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      – SubjectFull: Social Security
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      – TitleFull: Fifty Worlds of Welfare: State Discretion and Social Citizenship since 1994
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