The Educational Uses of 360° Videos and Low-Cost HMDs. Reflecting on the Results of Seven Projects

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Title: The Educational Uses of 360° Videos and Low-Cost HMDs. Reflecting on the Results of Seven Projects
Language: English
Authors: Emmanuel Fokides (ORCID 0000-0003-3962-0314)
Source: Technology, Knowledge and Learning. 2026 31(1):247-269.
Availability: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 23
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Education
Junior High Schools
Middle Schools
Secondary Education
Descriptors: Technology Uses in Education, Educational Technology, Video Technology, Elementary School Students, Middle School Students, Instructional Effectiveness, Learning Experience, Outcomes of Education
DOI: 10.1007/s10758-023-09666-6
ISSN: 2211-1662
2211-1670
Abstract: Several studies regarding 360° videos concluded that they have interesting educational potential. Yet, the literature is still fragmented and not that extensive. As several issues remain unresolved, in order to shed some light on the matter, seven short projects were implemented. The paper at hand summarizes and critically evaluates the findings of these projects. A total of 420, nine-to-fourteen years old students participated. In all projects, the learning outcomes from the use of low-cost head-mounted displays (HMDs) for viewing 360° videos were compared to other media, namely printed material, web pages, regular videos, and 360° videos viewed using monitors. The views and feelings of students were also examined. On the basis of the projects' results, it can be supported that, compared to printed material and web pages, the 360° videos together with HMDs proved to be more effective. Compared to the other media, the results were also better, but the effect sizes were not that strong. Moreover, the 360° videos together with HMDs were considered the most immersive medium and the one that offered the most joyful learning experience. On the other hand, there were no differences in the subjective usefulness, while the 360° videos together with HMDs were considered the least easy-to-use medium. The implications for research and education are also discussed.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1510733
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
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  Data: Several studies regarding 360° videos concluded that they have interesting educational potential. Yet, the literature is still fragmented and not that extensive. As several issues remain unresolved, in order to shed some light on the matter, seven short projects were implemented. The paper at hand summarizes and critically evaluates the findings of these projects. A total of 420, nine-to-fourteen years old students participated. In all projects, the learning outcomes from the use of low-cost head-mounted displays (HMDs) for viewing 360° videos were compared to other media, namely printed material, web pages, regular videos, and 360° videos viewed using monitors. The views and feelings of students were also examined. On the basis of the projects' results, it can be supported that, compared to printed material and web pages, the 360° videos together with HMDs proved to be more effective. Compared to the other media, the results were also better, but the effect sizes were not that strong. Moreover, the 360° videos together with HMDs were considered the most immersive medium and the one that offered the most joyful learning experience. On the other hand, there were no differences in the subjective usefulness, while the 360° videos together with HMDs were considered the least easy-to-use medium. The implications for research and education are also discussed.
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