View in EDS

Impact of the Child Anxiety Learning Modules (CALM), a School Nurse-Delivered Intervention for Anxiety, on Elementary Students' School Outcomes

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Impact of the Child Anxiety Learning Modules (CALM), a School Nurse-Delivered Intervention for Anxiety, on Elementary Students' School Outcomes
Language: English
Authors: Grace Imondi (ORCID 0009-0002-1194-4210), E. B. Caron (ORCID 0000-0002-3717-2979), Lillian Blanchard, Emilie Butler (ORCID 0000-0003-2373-8596), Golda S. Ginsburg (ORCID 0000-0001-5172-2079)
Source: Journal of School Nursing. 2026 42(4):367-375.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 9
Publication Date: 2026
Sponsoring Agency: Institute of Education Sciences (ED)
Contract Number: R305A140694
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Education
Descriptors: School Nurses, Elementary School Students, Elementary Schools, Anxiety, Stress Management, Coping, Relaxation Training, Learning Modules, Intervention, Short Term Memory, Academic Achievement, Outcomes of Treatment, Parent Attitudes, Student Attitudes, Teacher Attitudes, Student Behavior, Behavior Change, Attitude Change
Geographic Terms: Connecticut, Maryland
DOI: 10.1177/10598405251328369
ISSN: 1059-8405
1546-8364
Abstract: School-based anxiety interventions reduce anxiety and related impairment, but little is known about whether they improve academic outcomes, especially when delivered by non-mental health specialists. This study examined the impact of two brief, school nurse-delivered anxiety interventions on working memory, school functioning, and school avoidance. Participants were 54 students aged five to 12 with elevated anxiety and their school nurses (N = 30), who were randomly assigned to deliver the Child Anxiety Learning Modules (CALM, n = 14) or CALM- Relaxation only (CALM-R, n = 16). Student outcomes were assessed by parent-, teacher-, and student self-reports at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. Both interventions significantly improved school outcomes, including decreasing school anxiety, the impact of anxiety on performing school tasks, and negative classroom behavior while improving working memory, suggesting that school nurse-delivered anxiety interventions can improve school outcomes. Limitations and implications for future school nurse-delivered and school-based interventions are discussed.
Abstractor: As Provided
IES Funded: Yes
Entry Date: 20260101
Accession Number: EJ1511260
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: eric
DbLabel: ERIC
An: EJ1511260
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Impact of the Child Anxiety Learning Modules (CALM), a School Nurse-Delivered Intervention for Anxiety, on Elementary Students' School Outcomes
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grace+Imondi%22">Grace Imondi</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1194-4210">0009-0002-1194-4210</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22E%2E+B%2E+Caron%22">E. B. Caron</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3717-2979">0000-0002-3717-2979</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lillian+Blanchard%22">Lillian Blanchard</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Emilie+Butler%22">Emilie Butler</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-8596">0000-0003-2373-8596</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Golda+S%2E+Ginsburg%22">Golda S. Ginsburg</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5172-2079">0000-0001-5172-2079</externalLink>)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+School+Nursing%22"><i>Journal of School Nursing</i></searchLink>. 2026 42(4):367-375.
– Name: Avail
  Label: Availability
  Group: Avail
  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
– Name: PeerReviewed
  Label: Peer Reviewed
  Group: SrcInfo
  Data: Y
– Name: Pages
  Label: Page Count
  Group: Src
  Data: 9
– Name: DatePubCY
  Label: Publication Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2026
– Name: SourceSuprt
  Label: Sponsoring Agency
  Group: SrcSuprt
  Data: Institute of Education Sciences (ED)
– Name: NumberContract
  Label: Contract Number
  Group: NumCntrct
  Data: R305A140694
– Name: TypeDocument
  Label: Document Type
  Group: TypDoc
  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
– Name: Audience
  Label: Education Level
  Group: Audnce
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Education%22">Elementary Education</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+Nurses%22">School Nurses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+School+Students%22">Elementary School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+Schools%22">Elementary Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anxiety%22">Anxiety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stress+Management%22">Stress Management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coping%22">Coping</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Relaxation+Training%22">Relaxation Training</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Learning+Modules%22">Learning Modules</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intervention%22">Intervention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Short+Term+Memory%22">Short Term Memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Academic+Achievement%22">Academic Achievement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Outcomes+of+Treatment%22">Outcomes of Treatment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parent+Attitudes%22">Parent Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Attitudes%22">Student Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Attitudes%22">Teacher Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Behavior%22">Student Behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior+Change%22">Behavior Change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attitude+Change%22">Attitude Change</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Connecticut%22">Connecticut</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Maryland%22">Maryland</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1177/10598405251328369
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 1059-8405<br />1546-8364
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: School-based anxiety interventions reduce anxiety and related impairment, but little is known about whether they improve academic outcomes, especially when delivered by non-mental health specialists. This study examined the impact of two brief, school nurse-delivered anxiety interventions on working memory, school functioning, and school avoidance. Participants were 54 students aged five to 12 with elevated anxiety and their school nurses (N = 30), who were randomly assigned to deliver the Child Anxiety Learning Modules (CALM, n = 14) or CALM- Relaxation only (CALM-R, n = 16). Student outcomes were assessed by parent-, teacher-, and student self-reports at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. Both interventions significantly improved school outcomes, including decreasing school anxiety, the impact of anxiety on performing school tasks, and negative classroom behavior while improving working memory, suggesting that school nurse-delivered anxiety interventions can improve school outcomes. Limitations and implications for future school nurse-delivered and school-based interventions are discussed.
– Name: AbstractInfo
  Label: Abstractor
  Group: Ab
  Data: As Provided
– Name: CodeSource
  Label: IES Funded
  Group: SrcInfo
  Data: Yes
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 20260101
– Name: AN
  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: EJ1511260
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1511260
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1177/10598405251328369
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 367
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: School Nurses
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elementary School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elementary Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anxiety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stress Management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Coping
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Relaxation Training
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Learning Modules
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intervention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Short Term Memory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Academic Achievement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Outcomes of Treatment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parent Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Behavior Change
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attitude Change
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Connecticut
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Maryland
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Impact of the Child Anxiety Learning Modules (CALM), a School Nurse-Delivered Intervention for Anxiety, on Elementary Students' School Outcomes
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Grace Imondi
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: E. B. Caron
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Lillian Blanchard
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Emilie Butler
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Golda S. Ginsburg
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 1059-8405
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1546-8364
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 42
            – Type: issue
              Value: 4
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of School Nursing
              Type: main
ResultId 1