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Conditional Effects of AI Homework Tools on Students' Academic Performance: A Systematic Synthesis of Empirical Evidence

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Title: Conditional Effects of AI Homework Tools on Students' Academic Performance: A Systematic Synthesis of Empirical Evidence
Language: English
Authors: Seyma Irmak (ORCID 0000-0003-3831-8244), Kaan Bati (ORCID 0000-0002-6169-7871)
Source: Journal of Education in Science, Environment and Health. 2026 12(2):160-173.
Availability: Journal of Education in Science, Environment and Health. Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Kelesoglu Education Faculty, Meram, Konya 42090, Turkey. e-mail: jeseh.info@gmail.com; Web site: https://www.jeseh.net/index.php/jeseh/index
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 15
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Information Analyses
Education Level: Secondary Education
Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Technology Uses in Education, Homework, Academic Achievement, Program Effectiveness, Educational Technology, Grades (Scholastic), Writing Achievement, Academic Language, Knowledge Level, Retention (Psychology), Critical Thinking, Secondary Education, Higher Education, Intellectual Disciplines
ISSN: 2149-214X
Abstract: The rapid diffusion of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools into educational contexts has fundamentally transformed how students approach homework, academic writing, and independent learning tasks. Whilst AI-assisted homework tools promise efficiency, personalization, and immediate feedback, there remains some debate over their implications for academic performance and learning quality. The present study proffers a thorough synthesis of empirical evidence, examining how students' academic performance differs when using AI homework tools compared to traditional homework methods. The review draws on experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational research conducted across secondary and higher education contexts. The findings of the study indicate that AI homework tools are associated with significantly higher grades and writing scores in most controlled comparisons, particularly in language learning contexts, with effect sizes ranging from medium to large. However, the evidence also reveals important trade-offs, including reduced knowledge retention, lower originality, and diminished critical thinking in some settings. The synthesis demonstrates that AI tools primarily optimize output quality rather than learning processes, and that their effectiveness is highly conditional on task characteristics, assessment timing, implementation fidelity, and learner characteristics.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 20260101
Accession Number: EJ1516712
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Conditional Effects of AI Homework Tools on Students' Academic Performance: A Systematic Synthesis of Empirical Evidence
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Seyma+Irmak%22">Seyma Irmak</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3831-8244">0000-0003-3831-8244</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kaan+Bati%22">Kaan Bati</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6169-7871">0000-0002-6169-7871</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Education+in+Science%2C+Environment+and+Health%22"><i>Journal of Education in Science, Environment and Health</i></searchLink>. 2026 12(2):160-173.
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  Data: Journal of Education in Science, Environment and Health. Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Kelesoglu Education Faculty, Meram, Konya 42090, Turkey. e-mail: jeseh.info@gmail.com; Web site: https://www.jeseh.net/index.php/jeseh/index
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  Data: The rapid diffusion of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools into educational contexts has fundamentally transformed how students approach homework, academic writing, and independent learning tasks. Whilst AI-assisted homework tools promise efficiency, personalization, and immediate feedback, there remains some debate over their implications for academic performance and learning quality. The present study proffers a thorough synthesis of empirical evidence, examining how students' academic performance differs when using AI homework tools compared to traditional homework methods. The review draws on experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational research conducted across secondary and higher education contexts. The findings of the study indicate that AI homework tools are associated with significantly higher grades and writing scores in most controlled comparisons, particularly in language learning contexts, with effect sizes ranging from medium to large. However, the evidence also reveals important trade-offs, including reduced knowledge retention, lower originality, and diminished critical thinking in some settings. The synthesis demonstrates that AI tools primarily optimize output quality rather than learning processes, and that their effectiveness is highly conditional on task characteristics, assessment timing, implementation fidelity, and learner characteristics.
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 160
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Artificial Intelligence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Technology Uses in Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Homework
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Academic Achievement
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      – SubjectFull: Program Effectiveness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational Technology
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      – SubjectFull: Grades (Scholastic)
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      – SubjectFull: Writing Achievement
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      – SubjectFull: Academic Language
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      – SubjectFull: Knowledge Level
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      – SubjectFull: Retention (Psychology)
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      – SubjectFull: Critical Thinking
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      – SubjectFull: Secondary Education
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      – SubjectFull: Higher Education
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      – SubjectFull: Intellectual Disciplines
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      – TitleFull: Conditional Effects of AI Homework Tools on Students' Academic Performance: A Systematic Synthesis of Empirical Evidence
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