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Genetic Influences on Cognitive Function Using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery

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Title: Genetic Influences on Cognitive Function Using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery
Language: English
Authors: Singer, Jamie J., MacGregor, Alex J., Cherkas, Lynn F., Spector, Tim D.
Source: Intelligence. Sep-Oct 2006 34(5):421-428.
Availability: Elsevier. 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887-4800. Tel: 877-839-7126; Tel: 407-345-4020; Fax: 407-363-1354; e-mail: usjcs@elsevier.com; Web site: http://www.elsevier.com.
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 8
Publication Date: 2006
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Evaluative
Descriptors: Memory, Intelligence Tests, Genetics, Neuropsychology, Cognitive Measurement, Females, Whites, Twins, Adults, Reaction Time, Nature Nurture Controversy, Validated Programs, Computer Assisted Testing
Geographic Terms: United Kingdom
DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2005.11.005
ISSN: 0160-2896
Abstract: The genetic relationship between intelligence and components of cognition remains controversial. Conflicting results may be a function of the limited number of methods used in experimental evaluation. The current study is the first to use CANTAB (The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery). This is a battery of validated computerised cognitive tests, which allows assessment across a number of domains. A sample of 278 female-female Caucasian twin pairs from the UK (aged 18-76) performed such tests to establish the importance of genetic factors on four composite cognitive measures: general memory ability, inspection time (IT), working memory, and reaction time (RT). Estimates of heritability (additive genetic variance) were found to be 57% (95% CI 44, 68) for general memory, 38% (23, 51) for IT and 31% (16, 45) for working memory. The National Adult Reading Test (NART), a measure of IQ, had a heritability of 76%. RT was explained by common environmental influences and nonshared environmental influences. Moderate phenotypic correlations between general memory and NART (r = 0.32) and general memory and working memory (r = 0.42) were also reported. Both relationships could be explained by shared genetic determinants.
Abstractor: Author
Entry Date: 2006
Accession Number: EJ742898
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Elsevier. 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887-4800. Tel: 877-839-7126; Tel: 407-345-4020; Fax: 407-363-1354; e-mail: usjcs@elsevier.com; Web site: http://www.elsevier.com.
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  Data: The genetic relationship between intelligence and components of cognition remains controversial. Conflicting results may be a function of the limited number of methods used in experimental evaluation. The current study is the first to use CANTAB (The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery). This is a battery of validated computerised cognitive tests, which allows assessment across a number of domains. A sample of 278 female-female Caucasian twin pairs from the UK (aged 18-76) performed such tests to establish the importance of genetic factors on four composite cognitive measures: general memory ability, inspection time (IT), working memory, and reaction time (RT). Estimates of heritability (additive genetic variance) were found to be 57% (95% CI 44, 68) for general memory, 38% (23, 51) for IT and 31% (16, 45) for working memory. The National Adult Reading Test (NART), a measure of IQ, had a heritability of 76%. RT was explained by common environmental influences and nonshared environmental influences. Moderate phenotypic correlations between general memory and NART (r = 0.32) and general memory and working memory (r = 0.42) were also reported. Both relationships could be explained by shared genetic determinants.
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