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Hebbian Learning of Cognitive Control: Dealing with Specific and Nonspecific Adaptation

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Title: Hebbian Learning of Cognitive Control: Dealing with Specific and Nonspecific Adaptation
Language: English
Authors: Verguts, Tom, Notebaert, Wim
Source: Psychological Review. Apr 2008 115(2):518-525.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org/publications
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 8
Publication Date: 2008
Document Type: Journal Articles
Opinion Papers
Descriptors: Conflict, Models, Behavior Theories, Self Control, Reinforcement, Learning Theories, Computer Simulation, Reaction Time, Stimuli, Neuropsychology, Brain, Cognitive Psychology
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Stroop Color Word Test
DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.115.2.518
ISSN: 0033-295X
Abstract: The conflict monitoring model of M. M. Botvinick, T. S. Braver, D. M. Barch, C. S. Carter, and J. D. Cohen (2001) triggered several research programs investigating various aspects of cognitive control. One problematic aspect of the Botvinick et al. model is that there is no clear account of how the cognitive system knows where to intervene when conflict is detected. As a result, recent findings of task-specific and context-specific (e.g., item-specific) adaptation are difficult to interpret. The difficulty with item-specific adaptation was recently pointed out by C. Blais, S. Robidoux, E. F. Risko, and D. Besner (2007), who proposed an alternative model that could account for this. However, the same problem of where the cognitive system should intervene resurfaces in a different shape in this model, and it has difficulty in accounting for the Gratton effect, a hallmark item-nonspecific effect. The authors of the current article show how these problems can be solved when cognitive control is implemented as a conflict-modulated Hebbian learning rule. (Contains 2 figures and 1 footnote.)
Abstractor: Author
Number of References: 33
Entry Date: 2008
Accession Number: EJ792267
Database: ERIC
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  Data: The conflict monitoring model of M. M. Botvinick, T. S. Braver, D. M. Barch, C. S. Carter, and J. D. Cohen (2001) triggered several research programs investigating various aspects of cognitive control. One problematic aspect of the Botvinick et al. model is that there is no clear account of how the cognitive system knows where to intervene when conflict is detected. As a result, recent findings of task-specific and context-specific (e.g., item-specific) adaptation are difficult to interpret. The difficulty with item-specific adaptation was recently pointed out by C. Blais, S. Robidoux, E. F. Risko, and D. Besner (2007), who proposed an alternative model that could account for this. However, the same problem of where the cognitive system should intervene resurfaces in a different shape in this model, and it has difficulty in accounting for the Gratton effect, a hallmark item-nonspecific effect. The authors of the current article show how these problems can be solved when cognitive control is implemented as a conflict-modulated Hebbian learning rule. (Contains 2 figures and 1 footnote.)
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