Demand Equations for Qualitatively Different Foods under Fixed-Ratio Schedules: A Comparison of Three Data Conversions
Saved in:
| Title: | Demand Equations for Qualitatively Different Foods under Fixed-Ratio Schedules: A Comparison of Three Data Conversions |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Foster, T. Mary, Sumpter, Catherine E., Temple, William |
| Source: | Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Nov 2009 92(3):305-326. |
| Availability: | Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Available from: Indiana University Department of Psychology. Bloomington, IN 47405-1301. Tel: 812-334-0395; FAX: 812-855-4691; e-mail: jeab@indiana.edu; Web site: http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jeab/index.html |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Physical Description: | |
| Page Count: | 22 |
| Publication Date: | 2009 |
| Document Type: | Journal Articles Reports - Research |
| Descriptors: | Reinforcement, Food, Animals, Behavioral Science Research, Reaction Time, Responses, Comparative Analysis, Equations (Mathematics) |
| DOI: | 10.1901/jeab.2009.92-305 |
| ISSN: | 0022-5002 |
| Abstract: | Concurrent schedules were used to establish 6 hens' preferences for three foods. The resulting biases suggested wheat was preferred over honey-puffed and puffed wheat, and puffed wheat was the least preferred food. The hens then responded under fixed-ratio schedules for each food in 40-min (excluding reinforcer time) sessions, with the response requirement doubling each session until no reinforcers were received. At the smaller ratios, the less preferred the food, the faster the hens' overall response rates (mainly as a result of shorter postreinforcement pauses) and the more reinforcers they received. The relations between the logarithms of the number of reinforcers obtained (consumption) and the response ratio (price) were well fitted by curvilinear demand functions. Wheat produced the smallest initial consumption (ln "L"), followed by honey-puffed and puffed wheat, respectively. The response requirement at which the demand functions predicted maximal responding (P[subscript max]) were larger for wheat than for the other foods. Normalizing consumption and price, as suggested by Hursh and Winger (1995), moved the data for the three foods towards a single demand function; however, the P[subscript max] values were generally largest for puffed wheat. The results of normalization, as suggested by Hursh and Silberberg (2008), depended on the "k" value used. The parameter "k" is related to the range of the data, and the same "k" value needs to be used for all data sets that are compared. A "k" value of 8.0 gave significantly higher essential values (smaller [alpha] values) for puffed wheat as compared to honey-puffed wheat and wheat, and the P[subscript max] values, in normalized standard price units, were largest for puffed wheat. Normalizing demand by converting the puffed and honey-puffed wheat reinforcers to wheat equivalents (by applying the bias parameter from the concurrent-schedules procedure) maintained separate demand functions for the foods. Those for wheat had the smallest rates of change in elasticity (a, in contrast to the other analyses, the largest P[subscript max] values. Normalizing demand in terms of concurrent-schedule preference appears to have some advantages and to merit further investigation. (Contains 6 tables and 6 figures.) |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Number of References: | 35 |
| Entry Date: | 2009 |
| Accession Number: | EJ862939 |
| Database: | ERIC |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 CustomLinks: – Url: https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=EJ862939 Name: ERIC Full Text Category: fullText Text: Full Text from ERIC |
|---|---|
| Header | DbId: eric DbLabel: ERIC An: EJ862939 AccessLevel: 3 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
| IllustrationInfo | |
| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Demand Equations for Qualitatively Different Foods under Fixed-Ratio Schedules: A Comparison of Three Data Conversions – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Foster%2C+T%2E+Mary%22">Foster, T. Mary</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sumpter%2C+Catherine+E%2E%22">Sumpter, Catherine E.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Temple%2C+William%22">Temple, William</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+the+Experimental+Analysis+of+Behavior%22"><i>Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior</i></searchLink>. Nov 2009 92(3):305-326. – Name: Avail Label: Availability Group: Avail Data: Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Available from: Indiana University Department of Psychology. Bloomington, IN 47405-1301. Tel: 812-334-0395; FAX: 812-855-4691; e-mail: jeab@indiana.edu; Web site: http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jeab/index.html – Name: PeerReviewed Label: Peer Reviewed Group: SrcInfo Data: Y – Name: PhysDesc Label: Physical Description Group: PhysDesc Data: PDF – Name: Pages Label: Page Count Group: Src Data: 22 – Name: DatePubCY Label: Publication Date Group: Date Data: 2009 – Name: TypeDocument Label: Document Type Group: TypDoc Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research – Name: Subject Label: Descriptors Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reinforcement%22">Reinforcement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Food%22">Food</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavioral+Science+Research%22">Behavioral Science Research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reaction+Time%22">Reaction Time</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Responses%22">Responses</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+Analysis%22">Comparative Analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Equations+%28Mathematics%29%22">Equations (Mathematics)</searchLink> – Name: DOI Label: DOI Group: ID Data: 10.1901/jeab.2009.92-305 – Name: ISSN Label: ISSN Group: ISSN Data: 0022-5002 – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Concurrent schedules were used to establish 6 hens' preferences for three foods. The resulting biases suggested wheat was preferred over honey-puffed and puffed wheat, and puffed wheat was the least preferred food. The hens then responded under fixed-ratio schedules for each food in 40-min (excluding reinforcer time) sessions, with the response requirement doubling each session until no reinforcers were received. At the smaller ratios, the less preferred the food, the faster the hens' overall response rates (mainly as a result of shorter postreinforcement pauses) and the more reinforcers they received. The relations between the logarithms of the number of reinforcers obtained (consumption) and the response ratio (price) were well fitted by curvilinear demand functions. Wheat produced the smallest initial consumption (ln "L"), followed by honey-puffed and puffed wheat, respectively. The response requirement at which the demand functions predicted maximal responding (P[subscript max]) were larger for wheat than for the other foods. Normalizing consumption and price, as suggested by Hursh and Winger (1995), moved the data for the three foods towards a single demand function; however, the P[subscript max] values were generally largest for puffed wheat. The results of normalization, as suggested by Hursh and Silberberg (2008), depended on the "k" value used. The parameter "k" is related to the range of the data, and the same "k" value needs to be used for all data sets that are compared. A "k" value of 8.0 gave significantly higher essential values (smaller [alpha] values) for puffed wheat as compared to honey-puffed wheat and wheat, and the P[subscript max] values, in normalized standard price units, were largest for puffed wheat. Normalizing demand by converting the puffed and honey-puffed wheat reinforcers to wheat equivalents (by applying the bias parameter from the concurrent-schedules procedure) maintained separate demand functions for the foods. Those for wheat had the smallest rates of change in elasticity (a, in contrast to the other analyses, the largest P[subscript max] values. Normalizing demand in terms of concurrent-schedule preference appears to have some advantages and to merit further investigation. (Contains 6 tables and 6 figures.) – Name: AbstractInfo Label: Abstractor Group: Ab Data: As Provided – Name: Ref Label: Number of References Group: RefInfo Data: 35 – Name: DateEntry Label: Entry Date Group: Date Data: 2009 – Name: AN Label: Accession Number Group: ID Data: EJ862939 |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ862939 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1901/jeab.2009.92-305 Languages: – Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 22 StartPage: 305 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Reinforcement Type: general – SubjectFull: Food Type: general – SubjectFull: Animals Type: general – SubjectFull: Behavioral Science Research Type: general – SubjectFull: Reaction Time Type: general – SubjectFull: Responses Type: general – SubjectFull: Comparative Analysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Equations (Mathematics) Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Demand Equations for Qualitatively Different Foods under Fixed-Ratio Schedules: A Comparison of Three Data Conversions Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Foster, T. Mary – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sumpter, Catherine E. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Temple, William IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 11 Type: published Y: 2009 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 0022-5002 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 92 – Type: issue Value: 3 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
