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Ethiopian Youth in Israel: Gender-Related Alcohol Use and Related Problem Behaviour

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Title: Ethiopian Youth in Israel: Gender-Related Alcohol Use and Related Problem Behaviour
Language: English
Authors: Isralowitz, Richard, Shpiegel, Svetlana, Reznik, Alex, Laytin, Adam
Source: Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy. 2009 16(3):273-278.
Availability: Informa Healthcare. Telephone House, 69-77 Paul Street, London, EC2A 4LQ, UK. Tel: 800-354-1420; e-mail: healthcare.enquiries@informa.com; Web site: http://informahealthcare.com/action/showJournals
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 6
Publication Date: 2009
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Learning Problems, Behavior Problems, Jews, Drinking, After School Programs, Motor Vehicles, Foreign Countries, Gender Differences, Delinquency, Socioeconomic Status, Social Bias, At Risk Persons, Prevention, Immigrants, Incidence
Geographic Terms: Ethiopia, Israel
DOI: 10.1080/09687630701869211
ISSN: 0968-7637
Abstract: Jewish people from Ethiopia have been immigrating to Israel since 1973. Difficulties with language, unemployment; low socioeconomic status and prejudice have been common place and linked to problem behaviour including school drop out, delinquency and drug abuse among Ethiopian youth. This research examines the patterns of alcohol use and related problem behaviour among male and female Ethiopian youth participating in after-school programs and youth centres. For all alcohol substances (i.e., beer, wine and liquor such as vodka and whiskey), boys were significantly more inclined to drink than girls. The patterns of alcohol use among Ethiopian youth tend to be more similar to those of high-risk youth placed in alternative schools because of learning difficulties and/or behavioural problems than those of other high-school-age youth in the country. Their alcohol use and related problem behaviour, especially driving a car or motorcycle after drinking or being a passenger in a car or on a motorcycle when the driver had been drinking, should be targeted for further study and prevention purposes. Also, gender differences in prevalence of alcohol use among Ethiopian youth should be monitored to verify what may be a growing problem among females in the country. (Contains 2 tables.)
Abstractor: As Provided
Number of References: 24
Entry Date: 2010
Accession Number: EJ869184
Database: ERIC
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  Value: <anid>AN0040627905;5f101jun.09;2019Mar26.12:37;v2.2.500</anid> <title id="AN0040627905-1">Ethiopian youth in Israel: Gender-related alcohol use and related problem behaviour. </title> <sbt id="AN0040627905-2">Introduction</sbt> <p>Jewish people from Ethiopia have been immigrating to Israel since 1973. Difficulties with language, unemployment; low socioeconomic status and prejudice have been common place and linked to problem behaviour including school drop out, delinquency and drug abuse among Ethiopian youth. This research examines the patterns of alcohol use and related problem behaviour among male and female Ethiopian youth participating in after-school programs and youth centres. For all alcohol substances (i.e., beer, wine and liquor such as vodka and whiskey), boys were significantly more inclined to drink than girls. The patterns of alcohol use among Ethiopian youth tend to be more similar to those of high-risk youth placed in alternative schools because of learning difficulties and/or behavioural problems than those of other high-school-age youth in the country. Their alcohol use and related problem behaviour, especially driving a car or motorcycle after drinking or being a passenger in a car or on a motorcycle when the driver had been drinking, should be targeted for further study and prevention purposes. Also, gender differences in prevalence of alcohol use among Ethiopian youth should be monitored to verify what may be a growing problem among females in the country.</p> <p>Jewish people from Ethiopia have been immigrating to Israel since 1973; presently, there are about 100,000 residents in the country. Difficulties with Hebrew language, high rates of unemployment, low socioeconomic status and prejudice have been common place and linked to integration difficulties (Buckard, [<reflink idref="bib2" id="ref1">2</reflink>]; Lifshits, Noam, & Habib, [<reflink idref="bib13" id="ref2">13</reflink>]; Ringel, Ronell, & Getahune, [<reflink idref="bib18" id="ref3">18</reflink>]). "The Ethiopian population has the highest rate of poverty of any social group in Israel" (ORT, [<reflink idref="bib16" id="ref4">16</reflink>]). Research on Ethiopian youth in Israel is sparse; however, problems with school drop out, delinquency and substance use have been reported (Edelstein & Bar-Hamburger, [<reflink idref="bib3" id="ref5">3</reflink>]; Kogan, Luo, Brody, & Murry, [<reflink idref="bib12" id="ref6">12</reflink>]; Ringel et al., [<reflink idref="bib18" id="ref7">18</reflink>]).</p> <p>In the United States and Europe, substance use has been particularly characteristic of males (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, [<reflink idref="bib4" id="ref8">4</reflink>]; Springer, Sambrano, Sale, & Kasim, [<reflink idref="bib19" id="ref9">19</reflink>]; Thom, [<reflink idref="bib21" id="ref10">21</reflink>]). Recent findings, however, reveal changes in use patterns based on gender status. A US survey, for example, shows the same percentage (9%) of females and males aged 12 to 17 dependent on or abusing alcohol or an illicit drug (Office of Applied Studies, 2004). Female, more than male, arrestees and detainees report drug dependence and polydrug use (Kim & Fendrich, [<reflink idref="bib11" id="ref11">11</reflink>]). In Britain, females tend to drink more on a weekly basis and binge drink (Join Together Online, [<reflink idref="bib10" id="ref12">10</reflink>]). Among high-risk Israeli youth placed in alternative schools because of learning difficulties and or behaviour problems, males and females have similar patterns of being in a car or on a motorcycle with a driver who had been drinking (Isralowitz & Reznik, [<reflink idref="bib7" id="ref13">7</reflink>]). In a major comparative study of Russian-speaking immigrant and native-born Israeli adults, comparisons by gender reflect higher drug severity scores for females (Isralowitz, Reznik, Spear, Brecht, & Rawson, [<reflink idref="bib8" id="ref14">8</reflink>]).</p> <p>The purpose of this article is to report the patterns of alcohol use and related problem behaviour among male and female Ethiopian youth and to discuss the need for additional research that may contribute to policy and service provision targeting this high-risk population.</p> <hd id="AN0040627905-3">Methods</hd> <p>This exploratory study consisted of a purposive sample of 110 Ethiopian youth—54% (<reflink idref="bib59" id="ref15">59</reflink>) male and 46% (<reflink idref="bib51" id="ref16">51</reflink>) female, 12–18 years old, with a median age of 15. The data were collected at after-school programs and youth centres in Beer-Sheva, the largest city in the southern region of the country. Data were collected during a 3-month period in 2005.</p> <p>The study youth were asked to complete a simply worded questionnaire. Regional Alcohol and Drug Abuse Resources Center, Ben Gurion University, staff responsible for distributing the questionnaire were available to help youth understand the questions if necessary. Data were collected in a voluntary and anonymous manner complying with human subject guidelines. The data-collection instrument consisted of 31 questions about background characteristics, life time and last 30 day alcohol use patterns and problem behaviour including binge drinking (i.e., five or more drinks per drinking occasion), driving a car or motorcycle after drinking, and being a passenger in a car or on a motorcycle when the driver had been drinking. Many of the questions were similar to those used for the Monitoring the Future—Adolescent Drug Use Survey (Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, & Schulenberg, [<reflink idref="bib9" id="ref17">9</reflink>]) and the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health (Sustance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, [<reflink idref="bib20" id="ref18">20</reflink>]). The questionnaire was prepared in English, translated to Hebrew and then back translated. The data-collection instrument was examined for construct validity and reliability purposes by the Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, University of California, Los Angeles, and found to be acceptable for this study (Reiber, [<reflink idref="bib17" id="ref19">17</reflink>]). Also, program staff working with the Ethiopian youth reviewed the instrument before data collection. Chi-square and <emph>t</emph> test analyses were used to examine the study data.</p> <hd id="AN0040627905-4">Results</hd> <p>Lifetime alcohol use was used to compare the youth. For all alcohol substances (i.e., beer, wine and liquor such as vodka and whiskey) boys were significantly more inclined to drink than girls. Results showed the following use patterns: beer (63% boys, 29% girls, χ<sups>2</sups> = 11.739, <emph>p</emph> < 0.001); wine (55% boys, 22% girls, χ<sups>2</sups> = 12.29, <emph>p</emph> < 0.001); and liquor (54% boys, 18% girls, χ<sups>2</sups> = 15.15, <emph>p</emph> < 0.001). No significant differences were found among the boys and girls for age of first use. The mean ages (in years) were: beer (13.6 boys, 14.2 girls); wine (13.7 boys, 13.4 girls); and, liquor (13.8 boys, 15.0 girls). When last 30 day use was compared, significant gender differences were found for beer (47% boys, 28% girls, χ<sups>2</sups> = 4.23, <emph>p</emph> < 0.05) and liquor (44% boys, 16% girls, χ<sups>2</sups> = 9.44, <emph>p</emph> < 0.01) but not wine (37.7% boys, 22% girls; χ<sups>2</sups> = 3.028, <emph>ns</emph>) (see Table I).</p> <p>Table I.  Alcohol use</p> <p> <ephtml> <table><thead valign="middle"><tr><td>Variables</td><td>Values</td><td>Boys (<italic>N</italic> = 59)</td><td>Girls (<italic>N</italic> = 51)</td><td>Total (<italic>N</italic> = 110)</td><td>df</td><td>t or χ<sup>2</sup></td></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td>Beer: life time</td><td>Yes</td><td>62.5%</td><td char=".">29.4%</td><td char=".">46.7%</td><td char=".">1</td><td char=".">11.739***</td></tr><tr><td /><td>No</td><td char=".">37.5%</td><td char=".">70.6%</td><td char=".">53.3%</td><td /><td /></tr><tr><td>Beer: age of first use <italic>Mean</italic> (<italic>SD</italic>)</td><td /><td char=".">13.61 (1.699)</td><td char=".">14.18 (1.662)</td><td /><td char=".">32</td><td char=".">0.927</td></tr><tr><td>Wine: life time</td><td>Yes</td><td char=".">55.4%</td><td char=".">22.0%</td><td char=".">39.6%</td><td char=".">1</td><td char=".">12.286***</td></tr><tr><td /><td>No</td><td char=".">44.6%</td><td char=".">78.0%</td><td char=".">60.4%</td><td /><td /></tr><tr><td>Wine: age of first use <italic>Mean</italic> (<italic>SD</italic>)</td><td /><td char=".">13.71 (2.144)</td><td char=".">13.43 (1.988)</td><td /><td char=".">22</td><td char=".">0.297</td></tr><tr><td>Hard liquor: life time</td><td>Yes</td><td char=".">54.2%</td><td char=".">18.0%</td><td char=".">37.6%</td><td char=".">1</td><td char=".">15.145***</td></tr><tr><td /><td>No</td><td char=".">45.8%</td><td char=".">82.0%</td><td char=".">62.4%</td><td /><td /></tr><tr><td>Hard liquor: age of first use <italic>Mean</italic> (<italic>SD</italic>)</td><td /><td char=".">13.80 (1.196)</td><td char=".">15.00 (1.871)</td><td /><td char=".">23</td><td char=".">1.793</td></tr><tr><td>Beer: last 30 days</td><td>Yes</td><td char=".">47.4%</td><td char=".">28.0%</td><td char=".">38.3%</td><td char=".">1</td><td char=".">4.228*</td></tr><tr><td /><td>No</td><td char=".">52.6%</td><td char=".">72.0%</td><td char=".">61.7%</td><td /><td /></tr><tr><td>Wine: last 30 days</td><td>Yes</td><td char=".">37.7%</td><td char=".">22.0%</td><td char=".">30.1%</td><td char=".">1</td><td char=".">3.028</td></tr><tr><td /><td>No</td><td char=".">62.3%</td><td char=".">78.0%</td><td char=".">69.9%</td><td /><td /></tr><tr><td>Hard liquor: last 30 days</td><td>Yes</td><td char=".">43.6%</td><td char=".">16.0%</td><td char=".">30.5%</td><td char=".">1</td><td char=".">9.441**</td></tr><tr><td /><td>No</td><td char=".">56.4%</td><td char=".">84.0%</td><td char=".">69.5%</td><td /><td /></tr></tbody></table> </ephtml> </p> <p>23 Note: *<emph>p</emph> < 0.05; **<emph>p</emph> < 0.01; ***<emph>p</emph> < 0.001.</p> <p>Alcohol-related problem behaviour results show that boys (49%) more than girls (20%) were inclined to binge drink during the last 30 days (χ<sups>2</sups> = 10.28, <emph>p</emph> < 0.001). Those who reported driving a car or motorcycle after drinking were 15 years of age and older (16%) and mostly male. No significant differences were found among the boys and girls for being a passenger in a car or motorcycle when the driver had been drinking (12% boys, 8% girls) (see Table II).</p> <p>Table II.  Binge drinking and other alcohol-related problem behaviour</p> <p> <ephtml> <table><thead valign="middle"><tr><td>Variables</td><td>Values</td><td>Boys (<italic>N</italic> = 59)</td><td>Girls (<italic>N</italic> = 51)</td><td>Total (<italic>N</italic> = 110)</td><td>df</td><td>χ<sup>2</sup></td></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td>Binge drinking</td><td>Yes</td><td>49.1%</td><td char=".">19.6%</td><td char=".">35.2%</td><td char=".">1</td><td char=".">10.282***</td></tr><tr><td /><td>No</td><td char=".">50.9%</td><td char=".">80.4%</td><td char=".">64.8%</td><td /><td /></tr><tr><td>Passenger in a car when the driver had been drinking</td><td>Yes</td><td char=".">12.3%</td><td char=".">7.8%</td><td char=".">10.2%</td><td char=".">1</td><td char=".">0.579</td></tr><tr><td /><td>No</td><td char=".">87.7%</td><td char=".">92.2%</td><td char=".">89.8%</td><td /><td /></tr><tr><td>Driving a car after drinking</td><td>Yes</td><td char=".">14.3%</td><td char=".">2.0%</td><td char=".">8.4%</td><td char=".">1</td><td char=".">5.263</td></tr><tr><td /><td>No</td><td char=".">85.7%</td><td char=".">98.0%</td><td char=".">91.6%</td><td /><td /></tr></tbody></table> </ephtml> </p> <p>24 Note: *<emph>p</emph> < 0.05; ***<emph>p</emph> < 0.001.</p> <hd id="AN0040627905-5">Discussion</hd> <p>The present study is descriptive and a number of limitations may affect the ability to generalize the findings. First, adolescents can be suspicious about information gathering and as such may provide arbitrary or inconsistent responses (Hawke, Hennen, & Gallione, [<reflink idref="bib5" id="ref20">5</reflink>]). Another limitation of this study is that data were collected from after-school and community-based programs in one population centre of the country. It is believed, however, that the population studied is comparable to other Ethiopian adolescents living with low socioeconomic conditions elsewhere in the country.</p> <p>Findings show that Ethiopian boys drink more than girls and engage more in alcohol-related problem behaviour. These results are consistent with other studies of alcohol use based on gender (Isralowitz & Reznik, [<reflink idref="bib7" id="ref21">7</reflink>]; Opland, Winters, & Stinchfield, [<reflink idref="bib15" id="ref22">15</reflink>]; Treiman & Beck, [<reflink idref="bib22" id="ref23">22</reflink>]). Also, present results show that the pattern of Ethiopian youth alcohol use is similar to that of high-risk youth placed in alternative schools because of learning difficulties and/or behavioural problems (Isralowitz & Rawson, [<reflink idref="bib6" id="ref24">6</reflink>]; Isralowitz & Reznik, [<reflink idref="bib7" id="ref25">7</reflink>]). The present study last 30 day alcohol use results compared to national high-school survey data (Bar Hamburger, Rahav, Teichman, Gil, & Rosenblum, [<reflink idref="bib1" id="ref26">1</reflink>]) show Ethiopian youth have significantly higher levels of beer and liquor use than other Israeli youth—beer (38% vs. 21%); hard liquor (31% vs. 16%).</p> <p>Underage drinking and driving is a serious behaviour problem. In the United States, 25% of the drivers, particularly male between ages 15–20, who died in motor-vehicle accidents had been drinking alcohol (US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2004). This rate is more than twice that for alcohol-involved drivers 21 and older (Yi, Williams, & Dufour, [<reflink idref="bib24" id="ref27">24</reflink>]). In Israel, the minimum legal driving age of a motorcycle and car are 16 and 17. The minimum legal drinking age is 18. The study results show that there is underage driving and drinking among Ethiopian youth and the rate is comparable to other high-risk youth in the country. This is a serious problem in need of research that should include periodic monitoring and be applied to prevention efforts. Also, Ethiopian youth gender differences in prevalence of alcohol use should be monitored to verify what may be a growing problem among females in the country.</p> <hd id="AN0040627905-6">Acknowledgements</hd> <p>The authors acknowledge the cooperation of Iris Gelbort, Noah Sitton, and community-based program staff involved with this research initiative. Also, gratitude is expressed to the US–Israel Educational Foundation for its support of Adam Layton under the Fulbright Program.</p> <p> <bold> <emph>Declaration of interest:</emph> </bold> The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.</p> <ref id="AN0040627905-7"> <title> References </title> <blist> <bibl id="bib1" idref="ref26" type="bt">1</bibl> <bibtext> Bar Hamburger R, Rahav G, Teichman M, Gil R, Rosenblum Y. National survey on the use of psychoactive drugs among Israeli inhabitants: Epidemiological study. Israel Anti-Drug Authority, Jerusalem 2002</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibl id="bib2" idref="ref1" type="bt">2</bibl> <bibtext> Buckard C. Ethiopian Jews in Israel. Heinrich-Boell Foundation, Tel-AvivIsrael 2001</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibl id="bib3" idref="ref5" type="bt">3</bibl> <bibtext> Edelstein A, Bar-Hamburger R. Patterns of psychoactive substance use among Ethiopian youth in Israel. 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NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 2001</bibtext> </blist> </ref> <aug> <p>By Richard Isralowitz; Svetlana Shpiegel; Alex Reznik and Adam Laytin</p> <p>Reported by Author; Author; Author; Author</p> </aug> <nolink nlid="nl1" bibid="bib13" firstref="ref2"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl2" bibid="bib18" firstref="ref3"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl3" bibid="bib16" firstref="ref4"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl4" bibid="bib12" firstref="ref6"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl5" bibid="bib19" firstref="ref9"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl6" bibid="bib21" firstref="ref10"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl7" bibid="bib11" firstref="ref11"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl8" bibid="bib10" firstref="ref12"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl9" bibid="bib59" firstref="ref15"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl10" bibid="bib51" firstref="ref16"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl11" bibid="bib20" firstref="ref18"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl12" bibid="bib17" firstref="ref19"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl13" bibid="bib15" firstref="ref22"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl14" bibid="bib22" firstref="ref23"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl15" bibid="bib24" firstref="ref27"></nolink>
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  Data: Ethiopian Youth in Israel: Gender-Related Alcohol Use and Related Problem Behaviour
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  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Isralowitz%2C+Richard%22">Isralowitz, Richard</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shpiegel%2C+Svetlana%22">Shpiegel, Svetlana</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reznik%2C+Alex%22">Reznik, Alex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Laytin%2C+Adam%22">Laytin, Adam</searchLink>
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Drugs%3A+Education%2C+Prevention+%26+Policy%22"><i>Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy</i></searchLink>. 2009 16(3):273-278.
– Name: Avail
  Label: Availability
  Group: Avail
  Data: Informa Healthcare. Telephone House, 69-77 Paul Street, London, EC2A 4LQ, UK. Tel: 800-354-1420; e-mail: healthcare.enquiries@informa.com; Web site: http://informahealthcare.com/action/showJournals
– Name: PeerReviewed
  Label: Peer Reviewed
  Group: SrcInfo
  Data: Y
– Name: Pages
  Label: Page Count
  Group: Src
  Data: 6
– Name: DatePubCY
  Label: Publication Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2009
– Name: TypeDocument
  Label: Document Type
  Group: TypDoc
  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Learning+Problems%22">Learning Problems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior+Problems%22">Behavior Problems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Jews%22">Jews</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drinking%22">Drinking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22After+School+Programs%22">After School Programs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motor+Vehicles%22">Motor Vehicles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+Differences%22">Gender Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Delinquency%22">Delinquency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Socioeconomic+Status%22">Socioeconomic Status</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+Bias%22">Social Bias</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22At+Risk+Persons%22">At Risk Persons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prevention%22">Prevention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Immigrants%22">Immigrants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Incidence%22">Incidence</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ethiopia%22">Ethiopia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Israel%22">Israel</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1080/09687630701869211
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 0968-7637
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Jewish people from Ethiopia have been immigrating to Israel since 1973. Difficulties with language, unemployment; low socioeconomic status and prejudice have been common place and linked to problem behaviour including school drop out, delinquency and drug abuse among Ethiopian youth. This research examines the patterns of alcohol use and related problem behaviour among male and female Ethiopian youth participating in after-school programs and youth centres. For all alcohol substances (i.e., beer, wine and liquor such as vodka and whiskey), boys were significantly more inclined to drink than girls. The patterns of alcohol use among Ethiopian youth tend to be more similar to those of high-risk youth placed in alternative schools because of learning difficulties and/or behavioural problems than those of other high-school-age youth in the country. Their alcohol use and related problem behaviour, especially driving a car or motorcycle after drinking or being a passenger in a car or on a motorcycle when the driver had been drinking, should be targeted for further study and prevention purposes. Also, gender differences in prevalence of alcohol use among Ethiopian youth should be monitored to verify what may be a growing problem among females in the country. (Contains 2 tables.)
– Name: AbstractInfo
  Label: Abstractor
  Group: Ab
  Data: As Provided
– Name: Ref
  Label: Number of References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: 24
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2010
– Name: AN
  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: EJ869184
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ869184
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1080/09687630701869211
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 6
        StartPage: 273
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Learning Problems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Behavior Problems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Jews
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drinking
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: After School Programs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Motor Vehicles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gender Differences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Delinquency
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic Status
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social Bias
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: At Risk Persons
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prevention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Immigrants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Incidence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ethiopia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Israel
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Ethiopian Youth in Israel: Gender-Related Alcohol Use and Related Problem Behaviour
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Isralowitz, Richard
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Shpiegel, Svetlana
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Reznik, Alex
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          Name:
            NameFull: Laytin, Adam
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      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2009
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 0968-7637
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 16
            – Type: issue
              Value: 3
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy
              Type: main
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