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The Canine Sand Maze: An Appetitive Spatial Memory Paradigm Sensitive to Age-Related Change in Dogs

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Title: The Canine Sand Maze: An Appetitive Spatial Memory Paradigm Sensitive to Age-Related Change in Dogs
Language: English
Authors: Salvin, Hannah E., McGreevy, Paul D., Sachdev, Perminder S.
Source: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Jan 2011 95(1):109-118.
Availability: Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Available from: Indiana University Department of Psychology. Bloomington, IN 47405-1301. Tel: 812-334-0395; FAX: 812-855-4691; e-mail: jeab@indiana.edu; Web site: http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jeab/index.html
Peer Reviewed: Y
Physical Description: PDF
Page Count: 10
Publication Date: 2011
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Alzheimers Disease, Memory, Rewards, Cognitive Ability, Animals, Age Differences, Aging (Individuals), Visual Perception, Spatial Ability, Habituation, Comparative Analysis, Experimental Psychology
ISSN: 0022-5002
Abstract: Aged dogs exhibit a spectrum of cognitive abilities including a syndrome similar to Alzheimer's disease. A major impediment to research so far has been the lack of a quick and accurate test of visuospatial memory appropriate for community-based animals. We therefore report on the development and validation of the Canine Sand Maze. A 4.5-m-diameter circular pool was filled with sand and powdered food reward mix to a depth of 10 cm. Dogs were given 4 habituation and 16 learning trials which alternated a food reward being half (control trials) or fully-buried (acquisition trials) in a fixed location. After a 90-min break, a probe trial was conducted. Cognitively normal, aged (greater than 8 years, n = 11) and young (1-4 years, n = 11), breed-matched dogs were compared. After correction for differences in control trials, average probe times were 2.97 and 10.81 s for young and aged dogs, respectively. In the probe trial, both groups spent significantly more time in the target quadrant but there was a trend for young dogs to cross a 1 m[superscript 2] annulus zone around the buried reward more frequently (2.6 times) than aged dogs (1.5 times). Test-retest reliability in a subset of young dogs (n = 5) was high. On the basis of these findings, the Canine Sand Maze is presented as a quick, sensitive and nonaversive tool for assessing spatial learning and reference memory in dogs. (Contains 7 figures.)
Abstractor: As Provided
Number of References: 23
Entry Date: 2011
Access URL: https://www.jeabjaba.org/jeab/toc/2011/jeabjan11.php
Accession Number: EJ913384
Database: ERIC
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  Data: The Canine Sand Maze: An Appetitive Spatial Memory Paradigm Sensitive to Age-Related Change in Dogs
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Salvin%2C+Hannah+E%2E%22">Salvin, Hannah E.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McGreevy%2C+Paul+D%2E%22">McGreevy, Paul D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sachdev%2C+Perminder+S%2E%22">Sachdev, Perminder S.</searchLink>
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  Data: Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Available from: Indiana University Department of Psychology. Bloomington, IN 47405-1301. Tel: 812-334-0395; FAX: 812-855-4691; e-mail: jeab@indiana.edu; Web site: http://seab.envmed.rochester.edu/jeab/index.html
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  Data: Aged dogs exhibit a spectrum of cognitive abilities including a syndrome similar to Alzheimer's disease. A major impediment to research so far has been the lack of a quick and accurate test of visuospatial memory appropriate for community-based animals. We therefore report on the development and validation of the Canine Sand Maze. A 4.5-m-diameter circular pool was filled with sand and powdered food reward mix to a depth of 10 cm. Dogs were given 4 habituation and 16 learning trials which alternated a food reward being half (control trials) or fully-buried (acquisition trials) in a fixed location. After a 90-min break, a probe trial was conducted. Cognitively normal, aged (greater than 8 years, n = 11) and young (1-4 years, n = 11), breed-matched dogs were compared. After correction for differences in control trials, average probe times were 2.97 and 10.81 s for young and aged dogs, respectively. In the probe trial, both groups spent significantly more time in the target quadrant but there was a trend for young dogs to cross a 1 m[superscript 2] annulus zone around the buried reward more frequently (2.6 times) than aged dogs (1.5 times). Test-retest reliability in a subset of young dogs (n = 5) was high. On the basis of these findings, the Canine Sand Maze is presented as a quick, sensitive and nonaversive tool for assessing spatial learning and reference memory in dogs. (Contains 7 figures.)
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      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 109
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Alzheimers Disease
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Memory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rewards
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Ability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Age Differences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aging (Individuals)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Visual Perception
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spatial Ability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Habituation
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      – SubjectFull: Comparative Analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental Psychology
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      – TitleFull: The Canine Sand Maze: An Appetitive Spatial Memory Paradigm Sensitive to Age-Related Change in Dogs
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            NameFull: Salvin, Hannah E.
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            NameFull: McGreevy, Paul D.
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            NameFull: Sachdev, Perminder S.
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              Type: published
              Y: 2011
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