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Holding Policy-Makers to Account: Exploring 'Soft' and 'Hard' Policy and the Implications for Curriculum Reform

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Title: Holding Policy-Makers to Account: Exploring 'Soft' and 'Hard' Policy and the Implications for Curriculum Reform
Language: English
Authors: Kennedy, Kerry J., Chan, Jacqueline Kin-sang, Fok, Ping Kwan
Source: London Review of Education. Mar 2011 9(1):41-54.
Availability: Routledge. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 325 Chestnut Street Suite 800, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Fax: 215-625-2940; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 14
Publication Date: 2011
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Descriptive
Descriptors: Curriculum Development, Educational Practices, Educational Change, Foreign Countries, Teacher Attitudes, Governance, Case Studies, Program Implementation, Educational Policy, Accountability, Academic Achievement, Models
Geographic Terms: Hong Kong
DOI: 10.1080/14748460.2011.550433
ISSN: 1474-8460
Abstract: Curriculum implementation as both an educational practice and a policy conundrum has been the focus of academic research since the 1970s. A new perspective is taken in this article by borrowing from the literature on policy implementation in multilevel systems of government. The concepts of "hard" and "soft" policy are used to show that policy-makers choose from a range of strategies and it is these choices rather than teacher attitudes that may account for the level of implementation of a policy. A case study of curriculum implementation in Hong Kong is used to show how "hard" and "soft" policy can be identified in practice. (Contains 3 tables.)
Abstractor: As Provided
Number of References: 47
Entry Date: 2011
Accession Number: EJ917772
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Holding Policy-Makers to Account: Exploring 'Soft' and 'Hard' Policy and the Implications for Curriculum Reform
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kennedy%2C+Kerry+J%2E%22">Kennedy, Kerry J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chan%2C+Jacqueline+Kin-sang%22">Chan, Jacqueline Kin-sang</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fok%2C+Ping+Kwan%22">Fok, Ping Kwan</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22London+Review+of+Education%22"><i>London Review of Education</i></searchLink>. Mar 2011 9(1):41-54.
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  Data: Routledge. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 325 Chestnut Street Suite 800, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Fax: 215-625-2940; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Curriculum+Development%22">Curriculum Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Practices%22">Educational Practices</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Change%22">Educational Change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Attitudes%22">Teacher Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Governance%22">Governance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Case+Studies%22">Case Studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Program+Implementation%22">Program Implementation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Policy%22">Educational Policy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Accountability%22">Accountability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Academic+Achievement%22">Academic Achievement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Models%22">Models</searchLink>
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  Data: Curriculum implementation as both an educational practice and a policy conundrum has been the focus of academic research since the 1970s. A new perspective is taken in this article by borrowing from the literature on policy implementation in multilevel systems of government. The concepts of "hard" and "soft" policy are used to show that policy-makers choose from a range of strategies and it is these choices rather than teacher attitudes that may account for the level of implementation of a policy. A case study of curriculum implementation in Hong Kong is used to show how "hard" and "soft" policy can be identified in practice. (Contains 3 tables.)
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      – SubjectFull: Hong Kong
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      – TitleFull: Holding Policy-Makers to Account: Exploring 'Soft' and 'Hard' Policy and the Implications for Curriculum Reform
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