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Determinantes sociales de la intoxicación por plaguicidas entre cultivadores de arroz en Colombia.

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Title: Determinantes sociales de la intoxicación por plaguicidas entre cultivadores de arroz en Colombia.
Alternate Title: Determining social factors related to pesticide poisoning among rice farmers in Colombia.
Authors: Varona, Marcela E.1 marcela.varona@urosario.edu.co, Díaz, Sonia M.2 sdiaz@ins.gov.co, Briceño, Leonardo1 leonardo.briceno@urosario.edu.co, Sánchez-Infante, Clara I.3 klaynez04@yahoo.com, Torres, Carlos H.1 carlostorresrey@gmail.com, Palma, Ruth M.2 rpalma@ins.gov.co, Groot, Helena4 hgroot@uniandes.edu.co, Idrovo, Alvaro J.5 idrovoaj@yahoo.com.mx
Source: Revista de Salud Pública. jul/aug2016, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p617-629. 13p.
Abstract (English): Objective Large quantities of pesticides are used in rice crops. The aim of this study is to characterize how farmers are exposed to pesticides and subsequent poisoning. Materials and Methods A multilevel (individual and community) multi-method study, which included ethnographic and survey methods, as well as measurement of pesticides in water and human samples, was performed. Results The production process is described and the main risk factors are presented. Pesticides are considered the greatest danger at work and at their homes. Workers have poor working conditions and are not protected by the system of occupational risks. Azinphos-methyl, endosulfan, β-BHC, bromophos-methyl, bromophos-ethyl and 2,4- DDT were found in water samples. The survey included 381 workers with mild (12.86%), moderate (67.98%) and severe (5.51%) poisonings respectively. Severe cases presented lower levels of education, lower levels of health care access to the contributory regimen of the Colombian social security system and higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, herpes or other viral infections. Conclusion There are precarious working conditions that favor exposure to pesticides correlated to the exclusion of farmers from the occupational risk system, to poverty and to poor education. It is urgent to include these workers to the system of occupational risk system and to improve their living conditions, thus reducing unsafe practices when handling pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Objetivo Caracterizar la forma en que los agricultores se exponen a los plaguicidas y se presenta la intoxicación. Materiales y Métodos Estudio multi-métodos y multinivel (individuo y comunidad), que incluyó métodos etnográficos, encuesta y medición de plaguicidas en agua y muestras humanas. Resultados Se describió el proceso productivo y se conocieron los principales factores de riesgo. Los plaguicidas son considerados el mayor peligro en el trabajo y en sus viviendas. Los trabajadores tienen precarias condiciones laborales y no están protegidos por el sistema de riesgos laborales. En las muestras de agua se encontraron azinfos-metil, endosulfán, b-BHC, bromofos-metil, bromofos-etil y 2,4-DDT. En la encuesta participaron 381 trabajadores de los cuales 12,9, 68 y 5,5% tuvieron intoxicaciones leves, moderadas y severas, respectivamente. Los casos severos tenían menores niveles de escolaridad, menor nivel de afiliación al régimen contributivo del sistema de seguridad social y un mayor número tenía enfermedad cardiovascular, diabetes, herpes u otras infecciones virales. Conclusión Existen precarias condiciones laborales que favorecen la exposición a plaguicidas caracterizadas por la exclusión del sistema de riesgos laborales, pobreza y baja educación. Es urgente la inclusión de estos trabajadores al sistema de riesgos laborales y la mejora de las condiciones de vida. De esa manera se podrán disminuir las prácticas inseguras en el manejo de plaguicidas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Determinantes sociales de la intoxicación por plaguicidas entre cultivadores de arroz en Colombia.
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  Data: Determining social factors related to pesticide poisoning among rice farmers in Colombia.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Varona%2C+Marcela+E%2E%22">Varona, Marcela E.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> marcela.varona@urosario.edu.co</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Díaz%2C+Sonia+M%2E%22">Díaz, Sonia M.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> sdiaz@ins.gov.co</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Briceño%2C+Leonardo%22">Briceño, Leonardo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> leonardo.briceno@urosario.edu.co</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sánchez-Infante%2C+Clara+I%2E%22">Sánchez-Infante, Clara I.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><i> klaynez04@yahoo.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Torres%2C+Carlos+H%2E%22">Torres, Carlos H.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> carlostorresrey@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Palma%2C+Ruth+M%2E%22">Palma, Ruth M.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> rpalma@ins.gov.co</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Groot%2C+Helena%22">Groot, Helena</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><i> hgroot@uniandes.edu.co</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Idrovo%2C+Alvaro+J%2E%22">Idrovo, Alvaro J.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><i> idrovoaj@yahoo.com.mx</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Revista+de+Salud+Pública%22">Revista de Salud Pública</searchLink>. jul/aug2016, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p617-629. 13p.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (English)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objective Large quantities of pesticides are used in rice crops. The aim of this study is to characterize how farmers are exposed to pesticides and subsequent poisoning. Materials and Methods A multilevel (individual and community) multi-method study, which included ethnographic and survey methods, as well as measurement of pesticides in water and human samples, was performed. Results The production process is described and the main risk factors are presented. Pesticides are considered the greatest danger at work and at their homes. Workers have poor working conditions and are not protected by the system of occupational risks. Azinphos-methyl, endosulfan, β-BHC, bromophos-methyl, bromophos-ethyl and 2,4- DDT were found in water samples. The survey included 381 workers with mild (12.86%), moderate (67.98%) and severe (5.51%) poisonings respectively. Severe cases presented lower levels of education, lower levels of health care access to the contributory regimen of the Colombian social security system and higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, herpes or other viral infections. Conclusion There are precarious working conditions that favor exposure to pesticides correlated to the exclusion of farmers from the occupational risk system, to poverty and to poor education. It is urgent to include these workers to the system of occupational risk system and to improve their living conditions, thus reducing unsafe practices when handling pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (Spanish)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objetivo Caracterizar la forma en que los agricultores se exponen a los plaguicidas y se presenta la intoxicación. Materiales y Métodos Estudio multi-métodos y multinivel (individuo y comunidad), que incluyó métodos etnográficos, encuesta y medición de plaguicidas en agua y muestras humanas. Resultados Se describió el proceso productivo y se conocieron los principales factores de riesgo. Los plaguicidas son considerados el mayor peligro en el trabajo y en sus viviendas. Los trabajadores tienen precarias condiciones laborales y no están protegidos por el sistema de riesgos laborales. En las muestras de agua se encontraron azinfos-metil, endosulfán, b-BHC, bromofos-metil, bromofos-etil y 2,4-DDT. En la encuesta participaron 381 trabajadores de los cuales 12,9, 68 y 5,5% tuvieron intoxicaciones leves, moderadas y severas, respectivamente. Los casos severos tenían menores niveles de escolaridad, menor nivel de afiliación al régimen contributivo del sistema de seguridad social y un mayor número tenía enfermedad cardiovascular, diabetes, herpes u otras infecciones virales. Conclusión Existen precarias condiciones laborales que favorecen la exposición a plaguicidas caracterizadas por la exclusión del sistema de riesgos laborales, pobreza y baja educación. Es urgente la inclusión de estos trabajadores al sistema de riesgos laborales y la mejora de las condiciones de vida. De esa manera se podrán disminuir las prácticas inseguras en el manejo de plaguicidas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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