Demography of the land snail Tikoconus (Tikoconus) costaricanus (Stylommatophora: Euconulidae) in tropical low montane and premontane forests, Costa Rica.

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Title: Demography of the land snail Tikoconus (Tikoconus) costaricanus (Stylommatophora: Euconulidae) in tropical low montane and premontane forests, Costa Rica.
Alternate Title: Demografía del caracol terrestre Tikoconus (Tikoconus) costaricanus (Stylommatophora: Euconulidae) en un bosque tropical montano bajo y en un bosque premontano.
Authors: Barrientos, Zaidett1 zbarrientos@uned.ac.cr
Source: Revista de Biología Tropical. Dec2019, Vol. 67 Issue 6, p1449-1460. 12p.
Subjects: MOUNTAIN forests, FOREST litter, SECONDARY forests, NATURAL history, TROPICAL forests, MOUNTAIN ecology, DEMOGRAPHY
Geographic Terms: COSTA Rica
Abstract (English): Introduction: Ecology and natural history of neotropical land snails is almost unknown. Objetive: In this paper, I analyse the population dynamics of Tikoconus (Tikoconus) costaricanus Barrientos, an understory endemic euconulid. Methods: I compared T. costaricanus' demography patterns in tropical montane forests in central Costa Rica in three habitats with different restoration techniques: a mature forest, a secondary forest and a Cuppressus lusitanica plantation. I collected data in three month periods during a year. I analysed population size in relation with habitat, sampling date, leaf litter humidity, depth and quantity; and specimen size in relation with habitat and sampling date. I also kept some specimens in terraria and described part of their natural history. Results: The species is more abundant in mature forest (Ø = 0.174 ind/m2). The number of specimens in each habitat was constant throughout the year (Kruskall-Wallis = 2.0118, p = 0.57, NS) and hatching occurs in the middle and last months of the rainy season (Kruskall-Wallis = 17.3061, P = 0.00061, **). Number of specimens is related with leaf litter humidity (Spearman correlation, r = 0.3524, n = 232, P < 0.001, **), quantity (Spearman correlation, r = 0.3922, n = 232, P < 0.001, **) and depth (Spearman correlation, r = 0.2543, n = 232, P < 0.001, **). This relationship is explained by the high and stable humid environment provided by leaf litter. Some specimens migrate from foliage to leaf litter during the drier months. Eggs (Ø = 1mm) are laid on moss or soil and the young spend the first 2 or 3 weeks of their life on moss. Egg masses are small (Ø = 4 eggs), and shells look bubbly. Egg development time (20 days) was longer than in other tropical species. Adult pigmentation appears around two months after hatch. In the only case observed, egg laying began 5 months after hatching and the specimen lived 9 months. Conclusions: Restorations techniques should consider leaf litter features in order to protect endemic neotropical humid dependent diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Introducción: La ecología y la historia natural de los moluscos terrestres neotropicales es casi desconocida. Objetivo: En este artículo analicé la dinámica poblacional de Tikoconus (Tikoconus) costaricanus Barrientos, una especie endémica que habita el sotobosque del centro de Costa Rica. Métodos: Comparé los patrones demográficos de la especie en un bosque tropical montano en tres hábitats con diferentes estrategias de restauración: un bosque maduro, un bosque secundario y una plantación de Cuppressus lucitanica. Recolecté datos en periodos de tres meses durante un año. Analicé el tamaño de la población en relación a: hábitat, fecha de muestreo, humedad, profundidad y cantidad de la hojarasca. También analicé el tamaño de los especímenes en relación al hábitat y fecha de muestreo. Mantuve algunos especímenes en terrarios y describí parte de su historia natural. Resultados: La especie fue más abundante en el bosque maduro (Ø = 0.174 ind/m2). La cantidad de especímenes en cada hábitat fue constante a lo largo del año (Kruskall-Wallis= 2.0118, P = 0.57, NS) y la eclosión se presenta en la mitad y últimos meses de la estación lluviosa (Kruskall-Wallis = 17.3061, P = 0.00061, **). La cantidad de especímenes estuvo relacionada con la humedad del ambiente que provee la hojarasca. Durante los meses más secos algunos especímenes migran del follaje a la hojarasca. Los huevos (Ø = 1 mm) son depositados en el musgo y en el suelo y los jóvenes pasan las primeras 2 o 3 semanas de su vida en el musgo. Las masas de huevos son pequeñas (Ø = 4 huevos) y los huevos se ven como construidos de burbujas. El tiempo de desarrollo de los huevos (20 días) fue más prolongado que en otras especies tropicales. La pigmentación del adulto aparece alrededor de dos meses después de la eclosión. En el único caso observado la ovoposición empezó a los 5 meses después de la eclosión y el espécimen vivió hasta los 9 meses. Conclusiones: Las técnicas de restauración deben considerar las características de la hojarasca con el fin de proteger la biodiversidad neotropical endémica dependiente de la humedad del ambiente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Revista de Biología Tropical is the property of Universidad de Costa Rica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Demography of the land snail Tikoconus (Tikoconus) costaricanus (Stylommatophora: Euconulidae) in tropical low montane and premontane forests, Costa Rica.
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  Data: Demograf&#237;a del caracol terrestre Tikoconus (Tikoconus) costaricanus (Stylommatophora: Euconulidae) en un bosque tropical montano bajo y en un bosque premontano.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Barrientos%2C+Zaidett%22&quot;&gt;Barrientos, Zaidett&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; zbarrientos@uned.ac.cr&lt;/i&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22MOUNTAIN+forests%22&quot;&gt;MOUNTAIN forests&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22FOREST+litter%22&quot;&gt;FOREST litter&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22SECONDARY+forests%22&quot;&gt;SECONDARY forests&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22NATURAL+history%22&quot;&gt;NATURAL history&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22TROPICAL+forests%22&quot;&gt;TROPICAL forests&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22MOUNTAIN+ecology%22&quot;&gt;MOUNTAIN ecology&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22DEMOGRAPHY%22&quot;&gt;DEMOGRAPHY&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22COSTA+Rica%22&quot;&gt;COSTA Rica&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Introduction: Ecology and natural history of neotropical land snails is almost unknown. Objetive: In this paper, I analyse the population dynamics of Tikoconus (Tikoconus) costaricanus Barrientos, an understory endemic euconulid. Methods: I compared T. costaricanus&#39; demography patterns in tropical montane forests in central Costa Rica in three habitats with different restoration techniques: a mature forest, a secondary forest and a Cuppressus lusitanica plantation. I collected data in three month periods during a year. I analysed population size in relation with habitat, sampling date, leaf litter humidity, depth and quantity; and specimen size in relation with habitat and sampling date. I also kept some specimens in terraria and described part of their natural history. Results: The species is more abundant in mature forest (&#216; = 0.174 ind/m2). The number of specimens in each habitat was constant throughout the year (Kruskall-Wallis = 2.0118, p = 0.57, NS) and hatching occurs in the middle and last months of the rainy season (Kruskall-Wallis = 17.3061, P = 0.00061, **). Number of specimens is related with leaf litter humidity (Spearman correlation, r = 0.3524, n = 232, P &lt; 0.001, **), quantity (Spearman correlation, r = 0.3922, n = 232, P &lt; 0.001, **) and depth (Spearman correlation, r = 0.2543, n = 232, P &lt; 0.001, **). This relationship is explained by the high and stable humid environment provided by leaf litter. Some specimens migrate from foliage to leaf litter during the drier months. Eggs (&#216; = 1mm) are laid on moss or soil and the young spend the first 2 or 3 weeks of their life on moss. Egg masses are small (&#216; = 4 eggs), and shells look bubbly. Egg development time (20 days) was longer than in other tropical species. Adult pigmentation appears around two months after hatch. In the only case observed, egg laying began 5 months after hatching and the specimen lived 9 months. Conclusions: Restorations techniques should consider leaf litter features in order to protect endemic neotropical humid dependent diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (Spanish)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introducci&#243;n: La ecolog&#237;a y la historia natural de los moluscos terrestres neotropicales es casi desconocida. Objetivo: En este art&#237;culo analic&#233; la din&#225;mica poblacional de Tikoconus (Tikoconus) costaricanus Barrientos, una especie end&#233;mica que habita el sotobosque del centro de Costa Rica. M&#233;todos: Compar&#233; los patrones demogr&#225;ficos de la especie en un bosque tropical montano en tres h&#225;bitats con diferentes estrategias de restauraci&#243;n: un bosque maduro, un bosque secundario y una plantaci&#243;n de Cuppressus lucitanica. Recolect&#233; datos en periodos de tres meses durante un a&#241;o. Analic&#233; el tama&#241;o de la poblaci&#243;n en relaci&#243;n a: h&#225;bitat, fecha de muestreo, humedad, profundidad y cantidad de la hojarasca. Tambi&#233;n analic&#233; el tama&#241;o de los espec&#237;menes en relaci&#243;n al h&#225;bitat y fecha de muestreo. Mantuve algunos espec&#237;menes en terrarios y describ&#237; parte de su historia natural. Resultados: La especie fue m&#225;s abundante en el bosque maduro (&#216; = 0.174 ind/m2). La cantidad de espec&#237;menes en cada h&#225;bitat fue constante a lo largo del a&#241;o (Kruskall-Wallis= 2.0118, P = 0.57, NS) y la eclosi&#243;n se presenta en la mitad y &#250;ltimos meses de la estaci&#243;n lluviosa (Kruskall-Wallis = 17.3061, P = 0.00061, **). La cantidad de espec&#237;menes estuvo relacionada con la humedad del ambiente que provee la hojarasca. Durante los meses m&#225;s secos algunos espec&#237;menes migran del follaje a la hojarasca. Los huevos (&#216; = 1 mm) son depositados en el musgo y en el suelo y los j&#243;venes pasan las primeras 2 o 3 semanas de su vida en el musgo. Las masas de huevos son peque&#241;as (&#216; = 4 huevos) y los huevos se ven como construidos de burbujas. El tiempo de desarrollo de los huevos (20 d&#237;as) fue m&#225;s prolongado que en otras especies tropicales. La pigmentaci&#243;n del adulto aparece alrededor de dos meses despu&#233;s de la eclosi&#243;n. En el &#250;nico caso observado la ovoposici&#243;n empez&#243; a los 5 meses despu&#233;s de la eclosi&#243;n y el esp&#233;cimen vivi&#243; hasta los 9 meses. Conclusiones: Las t&#233;cnicas de restauraci&#243;n deben considerar las caracter&#237;sticas de la hojarasca con el fin de proteger la biodiversidad neotropical end&#233;mica dependiente de la humedad del ambiente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Revista de Biolog&#237;a Tropical is the property of Universidad de Costa Rica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.15517/rbt.v67i6.36201
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 1449
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: MOUNTAIN forests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: FOREST litter
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: SECONDARY forests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: NATURAL history
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: TROPICAL forests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: MOUNTAIN ecology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: DEMOGRAPHY
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: COSTA Rica
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Demography of the land snail Tikoconus (Tikoconus) costaricanus (Stylommatophora: Euconulidae) in tropical low montane and premontane forests, Costa Rica.
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2019
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              Y: 2019
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