Métodos de estudio más utilizados para la evaluación de riesgos de accidentes mayores en la industria química. Una revisión.

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Title:	Métodos de estudio más utilizados para la evaluación de riesgos de accidentes mayores en la industria química. Una revisión.
Alternate Title:	Methods of study most used for the evaluation of major accident risk in the chemical industry.
Authors:	Viña Rodríguez, Jenrry¹ jenrry.vina@cnic.cu, Camejo Giniebra, Juan José² camejo@quimica.cujae.edu.cu, Castañeda Valdés, Abel¹ abel.castaneda@cnic.edu.cu
Source:	Revista CENIC Ciencias Quimicas. jul-dic2021, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p138-165. 28p.
Subjects:	HAZARDOUS substances, POISONS, SOCIAL exchange, SUBSTANCE abuse, INSTALLATION of industrial equipment, EXPLOSIONS, HAZARD mitigation
Abstract (English):	The serious consequences of the accidents that have occurred in industrial or service installations in recent years (leaks of toxic or flammable substances, fires, and explosions) have established that people, material and environment close to the vicinity of an establishment where hazardous substances are used, processed, transported or stored are subject to greater risks of accidents. The most important aspect is to decide what type and level of risk one is willing to accept in exchange for the economic and social benefits that these facilities represent, for which it is first necessary to identify and evaluate the risks that these facilities represent for the vulnerable elements located in their interior and exterior environment, and based on this, to define the preventive and mitigation protection (safety) measures that must be implemented or reinforced so that the risk levels correspond to those accepted by society. The objective of this work is to describe the main characteristics and limitations of the most commonly used predictive study methods in any of the life stages of the installation under study: design, construction, modification, or operation. It is recommended to use in risk studies the qualitative HAZOP method in processes of any level of complexity, the quantitative ACAF method for complex processes, and the Bow-Tie method when the analysis is focused on determining the efficiency and inadequacy of the control barriers. At the same time, the need for the multidisciplinary team performing the risk assessment to include people with knowledge of both the study methods to be used and the processes to be studied is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish):	Las graves consecuencias que han tenido los accidentes ocurridos en instalaciones industriales o de servicios en los últimos años (fugas de sustancias tóxicas o inflamables, incendios y explosiones), establecen muy claramente que las personas, los bienes materiales y del medio ambiente que se encuentran próximos a un establecimiento en el que se utilizan, procesan, transportan o almacenan sustancias peligrosas, están sometidos a riesgos de accidentes mayores. El aspecto más importante es decidir qué tipo y nivel de riesgos se está dispuesto a admitir en contrapartida a los beneficios económicos y sociales que suponen dichas instalaciones, para lo cual se requiere, en primer lugar, identificar y evaluar los riesgos que las mismas representan para los elementos vulnerables ubicados en su entorno interior y exterior, y a partir de ello, definir las medidas de protección (de seguridad) preventivas y de mitigación que deben ser implementadas o reforzadas para que los niveles de riesgos se correspondan con los aceptados por la sociedad. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en describir las principales características y limitaciones de los métodos de estudio predictivos más utilizados en cualquiera de las etapas de vida de la instalación que se estudia: diseño, construcción, modificación u operación. Se recomienda no dejar de utilizar en los estudios de riesgos, el método cualitativo HAZOP en procesos de cualquier nivel de complejidad, el método cuantitativo ACAF para procesos complejos y el método Bow-Tie cuando se centra el análisis en determinar la eficiencia e insuficiencia de las barreras de control. Al mismo tiempo, se acentúa la necesidad de que en el equipo multidisciplinario que realice la evaluación de riegos existan personas con conocimientos tanto de los métodos de estudios a emplear como de los procesos objetos de estudio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	MedicLatina

Description
Abstract:	The serious consequences of the accidents that have occurred in industrial or service installations in recent years (leaks of toxic or flammable substances, fires, and explosions) have established that people, material and environment close to the vicinity of an establishment where hazardous substances are used, processed, transported or stored are subject to greater risks of accidents. The most important aspect is to decide what type and level of risk one is willing to accept in exchange for the economic and social benefits that these facilities represent, for which it is first necessary to identify and evaluate the risks that these facilities represent for the vulnerable elements located in their interior and exterior environment, and based on this, to define the preventive and mitigation protection (safety) measures that must be implemented or reinforced so that the risk levels correspond to those accepted by society. The objective of this work is to describe the main characteristics and limitations of the most commonly used predictive study methods in any of the life stages of the installation under study: design, construction, modification, or operation. It is recommended to use in risk studies the qualitative HAZOP method in processes of any level of complexity, the quantitative ACAF method for complex processes, and the Bow-Tie method when the analysis is focused on determining the efficiency and inadequacy of the control barriers. At the same time, the need for the multidisciplinary team performing the risk assessment to include people with knowledge of both the study methods to be used and the processes to be studied is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	10158553