Trypanosoma cruzi in Mexican Neotropical vectors and mammals: wildlife, livestock, pets, and human population.

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Bibliographic Details
Title:	Trypanosoma cruzi in Mexican Neotropical vectors and mammals: wildlife, livestock, pets, and human population.
Alternate Title:	Trypanosoma cruzi en vectores y mamíferos del neotrópico mexicano: silvestres, pecuarios, mascotas y población humana.
Authors:	Izeta-Alberdi, Amaia¹, Pech-May, Angélica^2,3, Tun-Ku, Ezequiel⁴, Jésus Mazariegos-Hidalgo, Carlos⁴, Antonio López-Cancino, Sury³, Gutiérrez, Sleidher⁴, Albino-Miranda, Sergio^5,6, de la Cruz-Felix, Keynes⁴, Díaz-de la Cruz, José Manuel⁴, Ibarra-Cerdeña, Carlos N.⁷, Arellano, Elizabeth⁸, Ocampo, Marco A.⁹, Vallejo, Rachel M.⁸, Ramsey, Janine M.⁴ jramsey@insp.mx
Source:	Salud Pública de México. mar/abr2023, Vol. 65 Issue 2, p114-126. 13p.
Subjects:	TRYPANOSOMA cruzi, MAMMALS, MIXED infections, LIVESTOCK, COMMUNITIES, PETS
Abstract (English):	Objective. To provide primary evidence of Trypanosoma cruzi landscape genetics in the Mexican Neotropics. Materials and methods. Trypanosoma cruzi and discrete typing units (DTU) prevalence were analyzed in landscape communities of vectors, wildlife, livestock, pets, and sympatric human populations using endpoint PCR and sequencing of all relevant amplicons from mitochondrial (kDNA) and nuclear (ME, 18S, 24Sa) gene markers. Results. Although 98% of the infected sample-set (N=2 963) contained single or mixed infections of DTUI (TcI, 96.2%) and TcVI (22.6%), TcIV and TcII were also identified. Sensitivity of individual markers varied and was dependent on host taxon; kDNA, ME and 18S combined identified 95% of infections. ME genotyped 90% of vector infections, but 60% of mammals (36% wildlife), while neither 18S nor 24Sa typed more than 20% of mammal infections. Conclusion. Available gene fragments to identify or genotype T. cruzi are not universally sensitive for all landscape parasite populations, highlighting important T. cruzi heterogeneity among mammal reservoir taxa and triatomine species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish):	Objetivo. Generar evidencia primaria sobre la genética del paisaje de Trypanosoma cruzi en el Neotrópico mexicano. Material y métodos. La prevalencia de T. cruzi y de las unidades taxonómicas discretas (DTU, en inglés) fueron analizadas en comunidades simpátricas de vectores, fauna silvestre, pecuarios, mascotas y población humana mediante PCR de punto final y secuenciación de marcadores genéticos mitocondriales (kDNA) y nucleares (ME, 18S, 24Sa). Resultados. A pesar de que 98% de las muestras infectadas (N=2 963) contenía infecciones únicas o mixtas de DTUI (TcI, 96.2%) y TcVI (22.6%), TcIV y TcII también fueron identificados. La sensibilidad de los marcadores individuales varió según el taxón del reservorio; la combinación de kDNA, ME y 18S identificó 95% de las infecciones. ME tipificó 90% de las infecciones por vectores, pero sólo 60% de los mamíferos (36% en fauna silvestre), mientras que el 18S y el 24Sa tipificaron menos que 20% de las infecciones en mamíferos. Conclusión. Los fragmentos de genes disponibles para identificar o genotipificar T. cruzi no son universalmente sensibles para todas las poblaciones de parásitos del paisaje, y destaca la importante heterogeneidad entre los taxones de reservorios y las especies de triatominos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	MedicLatina

Description
Abstract:	Objective. To provide primary evidence of Trypanosoma cruzi landscape genetics in the Mexican Neotropics. Materials and methods. Trypanosoma cruzi and discrete typing units (DTU) prevalence were analyzed in landscape communities of vectors, wildlife, livestock, pets, and sympatric human populations using endpoint PCR and sequencing of all relevant amplicons from mitochondrial (kDNA) and nuclear (ME, 18S, 24Sa) gene markers. Results. Although 98% of the infected sample-set (N=2 963) contained single or mixed infections of DTUI (TcI, 96.2%) and TcVI (22.6%), TcIV and TcII were also identified. Sensitivity of individual markers varied and was dependent on host taxon; kDNA, ME and 18S combined identified 95% of infections. ME genotyped 90% of vector infections, but 60% of mammals (36% wildlife), while neither 18S nor 24Sa typed more than 20% of mammal infections. Conclusion. Available gene fragments to identify or genotype T. cruzi are not universally sensitive for all landscape parasite populations, highlighting important T. cruzi heterogeneity among mammal reservoir taxa and triatomine species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	00363634
DOI:	10.21149/13801