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Unhealthy food consumption among Ecuadorian children: A cross-sectional study in the context of the school food regulation.

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Title: Unhealthy food consumption among Ecuadorian children: A cross-sectional study in the context of the school food regulation.
Alternate Title: Consumo de alimentos poco saludables en niños ecuatorianos: estudio transversal en el contexto del reglamento de alimentación escolar.
Authors: Jácome, Juan1, Escandón, Samuel2, Rodríguez, Alejandro3, Lachat, Carl4, Aguirre, Roberto5, Freire, Wilma6, Sánchez, René-Vinicio7, Donoso, Silvana2,8, Andrade, Susana2,9 susana.andrade@ucuenca.edu.ec, Ochoa-Avilés, Angélica2,8
Source: Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición. 2023 Supplement 2, Vol. 73, p35-46. 12p.
Subjects: SNACK foods, SCHOOL food, SCHOOL rules & regulations, FOOD consumption, SCREEN time, CROSS-sectional method, CONVENIENCE foods
Geographic Terms: ECUADOR, CUENCA (Ecuador)
Abstract (English): Introduction. The intake of energy-dense unhealthy food at school could influence the overall energy intake of children. Objective: To characterize the patterns of buying a snack at school and to analyze the association of these patterns with the source of the school snack (brought from home or bought at school) and screen time. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 until May 2019 among school children (9 to 12-year-olds) from Cuenca-Ecuador. Intake of energy-dense unhealthy food groups, the source of the school snack, and screen time were assessed using questionnaires. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to identify intake patterns of unhealthy food groups, and logistic regression to assess the association between intake of energy-dense unhealthy food groups (FG) with the school snack source. Results: Among 1,028 children recruited 63%, 42%, 30% and 22% of the children reported consuming sweets/confiture, savory snacks, fast food, and pastry products, respectively, at least two days per week. Around 39% of the children were classified as “Frequent consumers of energy-dense unhealthy FG”. Buying the snack at school was associated with a more frequent intake of sweets/confiture (OR=1.56, CI 95% =1.05-2.32) and fast food (OR=2.01, CI 95% =1.15-3.50) during the week, as well as with being classified in the “frequent consumer of energy-dense unhealthy FG” (OR=1.99, 95% CI=1.40-2.82). Conclusions: Ecuadorian children still consume prohibited unhealthy foods at school. These results reinforce the importance of evaluating, monitoring, and adapting strategies to promote a balanced diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Introducción. La ingesta de alimentos poco saludables con alto contenido energético en la escuela podría influir en la ingesta energética total de los niños. Objetivo: Caracterizar los patrones de compra de snacks en el colegio y analizar la asociación de estos patrones con la procedencia del snack escolar (de la casa o comprada en el colegio) y el tiempo de pantalla. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal (octubre 2018-mayo 2019) en escolares (9-12 años) Cuenca- Ecuador. La ingesta de grupos de alimentos (FG) no saludables altos en energía, la fuente del snack escolar y el tiempo de pantalla se evaluaron mediante cuestionarios. Se utilizó análisis de correspondencias múltiples para identificar patrones de ingesta de FG poco saludables y la regresión logística para evaluar asociación entre la ingesta FG no saludables con la fuente del snack escolar. Resultados: En 1.028 niños 63%, 42%, 30% y 22% declararon consumir dulces/ golosinas, aperitivos salados, comida rápida y productos de pastelería, respectivamente, al menos dos/días/ semana. Un 39% fueron clasificados como “Consumidores frecuentes de FG poco saludables de alta densidad energética”. La compra de los snacks en el colegio se asoció con una ingesta más frecuente de dulces/golosinas (OR=1,56; IC95%=1,05-2,32) y comida rápida (OR=2,01; IC95%=1,15-3,50) durante la semana y con la clasificación en el grupo” consumidores frecuentes de FG poco saludables de alta densidad energética” (OR=1,99; IC95%=1,40- 2,82). Conclusiones: Los niños ecuatorianos aún consumen alimentos no saludables prohibidos en la escuela. Estos resultados refuerzan la importancia de evaluar, monitorear y adaptar estrategias para promover una dieta balanceada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Unhealthy food consumption among Ecuadorian children: A cross-sectional study in the context of the school food regulation.
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  Label: Alternate Title
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  Data: Consumo de alimentos poco saludables en niños ecuatorianos: estudio transversal en el contexto del reglamento de alimentación escolar.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jácome%2C+Juan%22">Jácome, Juan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Escandón%2C+Samuel%22">Escandón, Samuel</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rodríguez%2C+Alejandro%22">Rodríguez, Alejandro</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lachat%2C+Carl%22">Lachat, Carl</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aguirre%2C+Roberto%22">Aguirre, Roberto</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Freire%2C+Wilma%22">Freire, Wilma</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sánchez%2C+René-Vinicio%22">Sánchez, René-Vinicio</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Donoso%2C+Silvana%22">Donoso, Silvana</searchLink><relatesTo>2,8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Andrade%2C+Susana%22">Andrade, Susana</searchLink><relatesTo>2,9</relatesTo><i> susana.andrade@ucuenca.edu.ec</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ochoa-Avilés%2C+Angélica%22">Ochoa-Avilés, Angélica</searchLink><relatesTo>2,8</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Archivos+Latinoamericanos+de+Nutrición%22">Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición</searchLink>. 2023 Supplement 2, Vol. 73, p35-46. 12p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SNACK+foods%22">SNACK foods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SCHOOL+food%22">SCHOOL food</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SCHOOL+rules+%26+regulations%22">SCHOOL rules & regulations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22FOOD+consumption%22">FOOD consumption</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SCREEN+time%22">SCREEN time</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CROSS-sectional+method%22">CROSS-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CONVENIENCE+foods%22">CONVENIENCE foods</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ECUADOR%22">ECUADOR</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CUENCA+%28Ecuador%29%22">CUENCA (Ecuador)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (English)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introduction. The intake of energy-dense unhealthy food at school could influence the overall energy intake of children. Objective: To characterize the patterns of buying a snack at school and to analyze the association of these patterns with the source of the school snack (brought from home or bought at school) and screen time. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 until May 2019 among school children (9 to 12-year-olds) from Cuenca-Ecuador. Intake of energy-dense unhealthy food groups, the source of the school snack, and screen time were assessed using questionnaires. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to identify intake patterns of unhealthy food groups, and logistic regression to assess the association between intake of energy-dense unhealthy food groups (FG) with the school snack source. Results: Among 1,028 children recruited 63%, 42%, 30% and 22% of the children reported consuming sweets/confiture, savory snacks, fast food, and pastry products, respectively, at least two days per week. Around 39% of the children were classified as “Frequent consumers of energy-dense unhealthy FG”. Buying the snack at school was associated with a more frequent intake of sweets/confiture (OR=1.56, CI 95% =1.05-2.32) and fast food (OR=2.01, CI 95% =1.15-3.50) during the week, as well as with being classified in the “frequent consumer of energy-dense unhealthy FG” (OR=1.99, 95% CI=1.40-2.82). Conclusions: Ecuadorian children still consume prohibited unhealthy foods at school. These results reinforce the importance of evaluating, monitoring, and adapting strategies to promote a balanced diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (Spanish)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introducción. La ingesta de alimentos poco saludables con alto contenido energético en la escuela podría influir en la ingesta energética total de los niños. Objetivo: Caracterizar los patrones de compra de snacks en el colegio y analizar la asociación de estos patrones con la procedencia del snack escolar (de la casa o comprada en el colegio) y el tiempo de pantalla. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal (octubre 2018-mayo 2019) en escolares (9-12 años) Cuenca- Ecuador. La ingesta de grupos de alimentos (FG) no saludables altos en energía, la fuente del snack escolar y el tiempo de pantalla se evaluaron mediante cuestionarios. Se utilizó análisis de correspondencias múltiples para identificar patrones de ingesta de FG poco saludables y la regresión logística para evaluar asociación entre la ingesta FG no saludables con la fuente del snack escolar. Resultados: En 1.028 niños 63%, 42%, 30% y 22% declararon consumir dulces/ golosinas, aperitivos salados, comida rápida y productos de pastelería, respectivamente, al menos dos/días/ semana. Un 39% fueron clasificados como “Consumidores frecuentes de FG poco saludables de alta densidad energética”. La compra de los snacks en el colegio se asoció con una ingesta más frecuente de dulces/golosinas (OR=1,56; IC95%=1,05-2,32) y comida rápida (OR=2,01; IC95%=1,15-3,50) durante la semana y con la clasificación en el grupo” consumidores frecuentes de FG poco saludables de alta densidad energética” (OR=1,99; IC95%=1,40- 2,82). Conclusiones: Los niños ecuatorianos aún consumen alimentos no saludables prohibidos en la escuela. Estos resultados refuerzan la importancia de evaluar, monitorear y adaptar estrategias para promover una dieta balanceada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutricion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.37527/2023.73.S2.005
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