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Gratuidad en los Institutos Nacionales de Salud de México: análisis del gasto de bolsillo directo e indirecto.

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Title: Gratuidad en los Institutos Nacionales de Salud de México: análisis del gasto de bolsillo directo e indirecto.
Alternate Title: Free healthcare in Mexico's national institutes of health: analysis of direct and indirect out-of-pocket expenditures.
Authors: Macías-González, Fernando1, Eduardo Sánchez-Morales, Jorge2, Berenice Gaona-Pineda, Elsa1, Muñoz-Espinosa, Alicia1, Romero-Martínez, Martín1, Shamah, Teresa1, Bautista-Arredondo, Sergio1 sbautista@insp.mx
Source: Salud Pública de México. sep/oct2024, Vol. 66 Issue 5, p741-752. 12p.
Subjects: PESO (Mexican currency), INCOME, METROPOLITAN areas, HEALTH equity, MEDICAL care surveys
Geographic Terms: MEXICO
Abstract (English): Objective. Estimate medical out-of-pocket spending, nonmedical out-of-pocket spending, and indirect costs due to loss of labor income among patients without social security receiving tertiary specialized care in Mexico City. Materials and methods. A representative exit survey in 17 third-level units in the metropolitan area of Mexico City was carried out. Logistic and linear regression models were used to explore characteristics associated with the probability and magnitude of medical expenditure. Results. Of 933 individuals, 68.6% reported having incurred no medical expenses. Among those who reported spending (31.4%), the median was 752 Mexican pesos. The probability of spending increased among residents outside of Mexico City and with care for more than one year. The median non-medical, indirect costs and total expenses were 800, 200, and 1 426 Mexican pesos per the current service, respectively. Conclusions. This study details the economic burden of tertiary specialized care in Mexico among the population without social security. The results show aspects to be addressed to improve equity in access to health, including improving the free-care policy and covering aspects related to non-medical expenses and loss of income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Objetivo. Estimar gasto de bolsillo médico, gasto de bolsillo no médico y costos indirectos por pérdida de ingresos laborales entre pacientes sin seguridad social que reciben atención especializada de tercer nivel en la Ciudad de México. Material y métodos. Se realizó una encuesta de salida representativa de 17 unidades de tercer nivel en la zona metropolitana de la Ciudad de México. Se emplearon modelos logísticos y de regresión lineal para explorar características asociadas con la probabilidad y magnitud del gasto médico. Resultados. De 933 individuos, 68.6% no incurrió en gastos médicos. Entre quienes reportaron gasto (31.4%), la mediana fue de 752 pesos mexicanos. La probabilidad de gasto aumentó entre residentes fuera de la Ciudad de México y aquéllos con atención mayor a un año. Para la atención actual, las medianas de gastos no médicos y costos indirectos fueron 800, 200 y 1 426 pesos mexicanos, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Este estudio detalla la carga económica de la atención especializada de tercer nivel en México entre la población sin seguridad social. Los resultados evidencian aspectos a abordar para mejorar la equidad en el acceso a la salud, incluyendo el mejoramiento de la política de gratuidad, pero que también abarcan aspectos relacionados con los gastos no médicos y la pérdida de ingresos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Salud Pública de México is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: MedicLatina
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  Data: Gratuidad en los Institutos Nacionales de Salud de México: análisis del gasto de bolsillo directo e indirecto.
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  Data: Free healthcare in Mexico's national institutes of health: analysis of direct and indirect out-of-pocket expenditures.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Macías-González%2C+Fernando%22">Macías-González, Fernando</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eduardo+Sánchez-Morales%2C+Jorge%22">Eduardo Sánchez-Morales, Jorge</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Berenice+Gaona-Pineda%2C+Elsa%22">Berenice Gaona-Pineda, Elsa</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Muñoz-Espinosa%2C+Alicia%22">Muñoz-Espinosa, Alicia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Romero-Martínez%2C+Martín%22">Romero-Martínez, Martín</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shamah%2C+Teresa%22">Shamah, Teresa</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bautista-Arredondo%2C+Sergio%22">Bautista-Arredondo, Sergio</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> sbautista@insp.mx</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Salud+Pública+de+México%22">Salud Pública de México</searchLink>. sep/oct2024, Vol. 66 Issue 5, p741-752. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PESO+%28Mexican+currency%29%22">PESO (Mexican currency)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22INCOME%22">INCOME</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22METROPOLITAN+areas%22">METROPOLITAN areas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22HEALTH+equity%22">HEALTH equity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MEDICAL+care+surveys%22">MEDICAL care surveys</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MEXICO%22">MEXICO</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract (English)
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  Data: Objective. Estimate medical out-of-pocket spending, nonmedical out-of-pocket spending, and indirect costs due to loss of labor income among patients without social security receiving tertiary specialized care in Mexico City. Materials and methods. A representative exit survey in 17 third-level units in the metropolitan area of Mexico City was carried out. Logistic and linear regression models were used to explore characteristics associated with the probability and magnitude of medical expenditure. Results. Of 933 individuals, 68.6% reported having incurred no medical expenses. Among those who reported spending (31.4%), the median was 752 Mexican pesos. The probability of spending increased among residents outside of Mexico City and with care for more than one year. The median non-medical, indirect costs and total expenses were 800, 200, and 1 426 Mexican pesos per the current service, respectively. Conclusions. This study details the economic burden of tertiary specialized care in Mexico among the population without social security. The results show aspects to be addressed to improve equity in access to health, including improving the free-care policy and covering aspects related to non-medical expenses and loss of income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (Spanish)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objetivo. Estimar gasto de bolsillo médico, gasto de bolsillo no médico y costos indirectos por pérdida de ingresos laborales entre pacientes sin seguridad social que reciben atención especializada de tercer nivel en la Ciudad de México. Material y métodos. Se realizó una encuesta de salida representativa de 17 unidades de tercer nivel en la zona metropolitana de la Ciudad de México. Se emplearon modelos logísticos y de regresión lineal para explorar características asociadas con la probabilidad y magnitud del gasto médico. Resultados. De 933 individuos, 68.6% no incurrió en gastos médicos. Entre quienes reportaron gasto (31.4%), la mediana fue de 752 pesos mexicanos. La probabilidad de gasto aumentó entre residentes fuera de la Ciudad de México y aquéllos con atención mayor a un año. Para la atención actual, las medianas de gastos no médicos y costos indirectos fueron 800, 200 y 1 426 pesos mexicanos, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Este estudio detalla la carga económica de la atención especializada de tercer nivel en México entre la población sin seguridad social. Los resultados evidencian aspectos a abordar para mejorar la equidad en el acceso a la salud, incluyendo el mejoramiento de la política de gratuidad, pero que también abarcan aspectos relacionados con los gastos no médicos y la pérdida de ingresos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Salud Pública de México is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.21149/15752
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        Text: Spanish
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      – SubjectFull: PESO (Mexican currency)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: INCOME
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: METROPOLITAN areas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: HEALTH equity
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      – SubjectFull: MEDICAL care surveys
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      – SubjectFull: MEXICO
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              Text: sep/oct2024
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