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Stressful Life Events and Neuroticism among Chinese Women with Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder.

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Title: Stressful Life Events and Neuroticism among Chinese Women with Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder.
Authors: Fengfeng Chu1, Chu Wang1, Shufei Tao2, Jingfang Gao3, Xiangzhen Zhu3, Danhong Tao4, Bijun Chen5, Ming Tao1,4 taoming@21cn.com
Source: Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria. 2025, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p348-358. 11p.
Subjects: LIFE change events, RELATIONSHIP breakup, FINANCIAL crises, LOGISTIC regression analysis, MENTAL depression
Abstract: Background: Depression is associated with a high incidence of stressful life events (SLEs) and neuroticism. However, the impact of SLEs and neuroticism on the recurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to identify the potential causal relationship between SLEs, neuroticism, and depression recurrence. Methods: This study included 5561 female patients with recurrent MDD (ages 30-60) and 4257 healthy volunteers (ages 40-60) from the China, Oxford, and Virginia Commonwealth University Experimental Research on Genetic Epidemiology (CONVERGE) study. We compared the female patients with recurrent MDD to a gender and age-matched group of healthy volunteers. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using logistic regression analysis to assess the impact of SLEs on depression onset. Furthermore, we employed bootstrapping sampling procedures to explore the mediating role of neuroticism between SLEs and the number of depressive episodes. Submitted: 26 June 2024 Revised: 23 July 2024 Accepted: 8 August 2024 Published: 5 March 2025 *Corresponding author details: Ming Tao, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Clinical Psychology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310005 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Email: taoming@21cn.com Results: SLEs contributed to the occurrence of major depression, with rape (OR = 19.14, p = 0.004), serious neglect (OR = 3.65, p < 0.001), legal problems (OR = 2.51, p < 0.001), and divorce or relationship breakup (OR = 2.14, p < 0.001) being significantly associated with the onset of MDD. Following MDD onset, certain SLEs, such as the death of a family member (Z = 3.64, p < 0.001), unemployment (Z = 5.63, p < 0.001), job termination (Z = 6.43, p < 0.001), and financial crisis (Z = 5.53, p < 0.001), led to a significant increase in the number of depressive episodes. Furthermore, mediation analysis demonstrated that events such as divorce or relationship breakup (p < 0.05), rape (p < 0.05), financial crisis (p < 0.05), and physical abuse (p < 0.05) indirectly affected the number of depressive episodes through neuroticism. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that SLEs in different categories have different effects on the onset and recurrence of MDD, and their effects regarding personal maltreatment, interpersonal relationship, and finance on the recurrence of depression are mediated by neuroticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria is the property of Maria Lopez-Ibor and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Stressful Life Events and Neuroticism among Chinese Women with Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Fengfeng+Chu%22&quot;&gt;Fengfeng Chu&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Chu+Wang%22&quot;&gt;Chu Wang&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Shufei+Tao%22&quot;&gt;Shufei Tao&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Jingfang+Gao%22&quot;&gt;Jingfang Gao&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Xiangzhen+Zhu%22&quot;&gt;Xiangzhen Zhu&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;3&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Danhong+Tao%22&quot;&gt;Danhong Tao&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;4&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Bijun+Chen%22&quot;&gt;Bijun Chen&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;5&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ming+Tao%22&quot;&gt;Ming Tao&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1,4&lt;/relatesTo&gt;&lt;i&gt; taoming@21cn.com&lt;/i&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Actas+Espanolas+de+Psiquiatria%22&quot;&gt;Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria&lt;/searchLink&gt;. 2025, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p348-358. 11p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22LIFE+change+events%22&quot;&gt;LIFE change events&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22RELATIONSHIP+breakup%22&quot;&gt;RELATIONSHIP breakup&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22FINANCIAL+crises%22&quot;&gt;FINANCIAL crises&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22LOGISTIC+regression+analysis%22&quot;&gt;LOGISTIC regression analysis&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22MENTAL+depression%22&quot;&gt;MENTAL depression&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: Background: Depression is associated with a high incidence of stressful life events (SLEs) and neuroticism. However, the impact of SLEs and neuroticism on the recurrence of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to identify the potential causal relationship between SLEs, neuroticism, and depression recurrence. Methods: This study included 5561 female patients with recurrent MDD (ages 30-60) and 4257 healthy volunteers (ages 40-60) from the China, Oxford, and Virginia Commonwealth University Experimental Research on Genetic Epidemiology (CONVERGE) study. We compared the female patients with recurrent MDD to a gender and age-matched group of healthy volunteers. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using logistic regression analysis to assess the impact of SLEs on depression onset. Furthermore, we employed bootstrapping sampling procedures to explore the mediating role of neuroticism between SLEs and the number of depressive episodes. Submitted: 26 June 2024 Revised: 23 July 2024 Accepted: 8 August 2024 Published: 5 March 2025 *Corresponding author details: Ming Tao, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Clinical Psychology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310005 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Email: taoming@21cn.com Results: SLEs contributed to the occurrence of major depression, with rape (OR = 19.14, p = 0.004), serious neglect (OR = 3.65, p &lt; 0.001), legal problems (OR = 2.51, p &lt; 0.001), and divorce or relationship breakup (OR = 2.14, p &lt; 0.001) being significantly associated with the onset of MDD. Following MDD onset, certain SLEs, such as the death of a family member (Z = 3.64, p &lt; 0.001), unemployment (Z = 5.63, p &lt; 0.001), job termination (Z = 6.43, p &lt; 0.001), and financial crisis (Z = 5.53, p &lt; 0.001), led to a significant increase in the number of depressive episodes. Furthermore, mediation analysis demonstrated that events such as divorce or relationship breakup (p &lt; 0.05), rape (p &lt; 0.05), financial crisis (p &lt; 0.05), and physical abuse (p &lt; 0.05) indirectly affected the number of depressive episodes through neuroticism. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that SLEs in different categories have different effects on the onset and recurrence of MDD, and their effects regarding personal maltreatment, interpersonal relationship, and finance on the recurrence of depression are mediated by neuroticism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria is the property of Maria Lopez-Ibor and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.62641/aep.v53i2.1730
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: RELATIONSHIP breakup
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      – SubjectFull: LOGISTIC regression analysis
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              Text: 2025
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