Estudio descriptivo inicial relativo a Indicación Farmacéutica en farmacias comunitarias en países de Centroamérica.

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Bibliographic Details
Title:	Estudio descriptivo inicial relativo a Indicación Farmacéutica en farmacias comunitarias en países de Centroamérica.
Alternate Title:	Initial descriptive study on Pharmaceutical Indication in community pharmacies in Central American countries.
Authors:	Badilla-Baltodano, Beatriz¹ bbadillabal@gmail.com, Orellana, Karen², Martínez-Martínez, Fernando³, Martínez de Haase, Lucrecia⁴, Carlos Monge-Bogantes, Luis⁵, Marie Liere-Godoy, Anne⁶
Source:	Farmacéuticos Comunitarios. 2025, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p30-40. 11p.
Subjects:	PHARMACEUTICAL services, PHARMACISTS, PATIENT-centered care, DRUGSTORES, PUBLIC health, THERAPEUTICS, MEDICAL practice
Geographic Terms:	CENTRAL America
Abstract (English):	Within Good Pharmacy Practices, pharmaceutical indication is one of the most frequently requested pharmaceutical services in community pharmacies to address specific health problems as part of pharmaceutical care. This study aimed to explore the frequency and characteristics of pharmaceutical indication (PI), also known as pharmaceutical recommendation (PR), in Central American countries, specifically in private community pharmacies. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, exploratory, cross-sectional study using non-probabilistic convenience sampling. An electronic questionnaire consisting of 23 closed-ended and one open-ended question was distributed to community pharmacists working in private pharmacies, that is, privately owned, non-state establishments in the region. Data from Nicaragua were excluded due to the low number of responses. The survey explored general characteristics, professional perceptions, and clinical practice. Content validation was performed with one pharmacist from each country. No personal data was collected. Results: Among the pharmacists who responded, PI/PR activities generally did not meet the common principles and reference frameworks supported by international organizations and national guidelines. Furthermore, there was considerable heterogeneity in the legislation and regulations governing this pharmaceutical service across Central America. The assessment of training received in this area revealed important opportunities for improvement. Conclusions: Community pharmacy services in the study group should be redefined within a more patient-centered, clinical model to optimize pharmacotherapy and contribute to the maintenance and improvement of individual and public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish):	Introducción: dentro de las Buenas Prácticas de Farmacia, la Indicación Farmacéutica es uno de los servicios farmacéuticos más solicitados en las farmacias para resolver problemas específicos de salud en el marco de la atención farmacéutica. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar la frecuencia y las características de la indicación farmacéutica (IF), también llamada Recomendación Farmacéutica (RF) en países centroamericanos, realizado en las farmacias comunitarias privadas. Materiales y Métodos: estudio observacional, exploratorio y transversal, con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se utilizó un cuestionario electrónico con 23 preguntas cerradas y una abierta, aplicado a farmacéuticos comunitarios de farmacias privadas, es decir, establecimientos de propiedad particular no estatales de esta región. Se excluyó la información de Nicaragua debido al bajo número de respuestas. Se exploraron características generales, percepción profesional y práctica asistencial. La validación se realizó con un farmacéutico por país. No se recopilaron datos personales. Resultados: entre los farmacéuticos que respondieron la encuesta, la actividad de IF/RF, en general, no ha alcanzado los principios y marcos de referencia comunes respaldados por organizaciones internacionales y guías nacionales además muestra disparidad muy amplia en cuanto a la legislación y reglamentación que cubre esta función farmacéutica en el área centroamericana. La valoración de la formación recibida sobre esta temática ofrece importantes áreas de mejora. Conclusiones: Los servicios de farmacia comunitaria en el grupo estudiado deben redefinirse dentro de un modelo más asistencial, con el objetivo de optimizar la farmacoterapia y contribuir al mantenimiento y mejoramiento de la salud de las personas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database:	MedicLatina

Description
Abstract:	Within Good Pharmacy Practices, pharmaceutical indication is one of the most frequently requested pharmaceutical services in community pharmacies to address specific health problems as part of pharmaceutical care. This study aimed to explore the frequency and characteristics of pharmaceutical indication (PI), also known as pharmaceutical recommendation (PR), in Central American countries, specifically in private community pharmacies. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, exploratory, cross-sectional study using non-probabilistic convenience sampling. An electronic questionnaire consisting of 23 closed-ended and one open-ended question was distributed to community pharmacists working in private pharmacies, that is, privately owned, non-state establishments in the region. Data from Nicaragua were excluded due to the low number of responses. The survey explored general characteristics, professional perceptions, and clinical practice. Content validation was performed with one pharmacist from each country. No personal data was collected. Results: Among the pharmacists who responded, PI/PR activities generally did not meet the common principles and reference frameworks supported by international organizations and national guidelines. Furthermore, there was considerable heterogeneity in the legislation and regulations governing this pharmaceutical service across Central America. The assessment of training received in this area revealed important opportunities for improvement. Conclusions: Community pharmacy services in the study group should be redefined within a more patient-centered, clinical model to optimize pharmacotherapy and contribute to the maintenance and improvement of individual and public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	18858619
DOI:	10.33620/FC.2173-9218.(2025).28