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Healthcare resource utilization and costs of chronic kidney disease in Spain across KDIGO categories: Insights from real-world evidence.

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Title: Healthcare resource utilization and costs of chronic kidney disease in Spain across KDIGO categories: Insights from real-world evidence.
Alternate Title: Utilización de recursos sanitarios y costes de la enfermedad renal crónica en España según los estadios KDIGO: resultados de evidencia del mundo real.
Authors: Santamaria, Rafael1, Escobar, Carlos2 escobar_cervantes_carlos@hotmail.com, Aranda, Unai3, Palacios, Beatriz4, Capel, Margarita5, Hernández, Ignacio6, Cebrián, Ana7,8, Alcázar, Roberto9, Gorostidi, Manuel10
Source: Nefrologia. Jan2026, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p1-12. 12p.
Subjects: CHRONIC kidney failure, COST, EMPIRICAL research, SPANIARDS, MEDICAL care use, HOSPITAL care, GLOMERULAR filtration rate
Geographic Terms: SPAIN
Abstract (English): Aim: To determine the healthcare resource utilization and costs in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) across the KDIGO stages in real-world clinical practice in Spain. Methods: Observational, retrospective study using the BIG-PAC database. Adults with =1 measurement of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria closest to 1st January 2018 were included. Annual healthcare resource utilization and healthcare costs per patient were analyzed within a two-year follow-up period. Results: 70,385 subjects were included, of whom 30.0% had CKD. The proportion of patients with =1 hospitalization ranged from 12.0% to 52.9% in categories G3a to G5 A1, from 6.0% to 47.4% in categories G1 to G5 A2 and from 13.5% to 69.8% in categories G1 to G5 A3. First year mean (SD) total cost ranged from 2486.65 (1724.25) to 16,085.75 (11,731.67), 1567.67 (1293.56) to 14,647.70 (11,031.45) and 2799.43 (1800.53) to 20,584.74 (11,563.63) Euros, respectively. Overall, the main driver for total cost was hospitalizations. All these numbers increased as eGFR declined or albuminuria increased and, in general, there was a slight decrease during the second year in all categories. Conclusions: In real-world, CKD may be associated with high healthcare resource utilization and costs that increase as renal function worsens or albuminuria levels increase. Reducing economic burden through primordial and primary prevention policies, and comprehensive management with kidney protective drugs should be a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Objetivo: Determinar la utilización de recursos sanitarios y los costes en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) según los estadios KDIGO en la práctica clínica real en España. Métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, utilizando la base BIG-PAC. Se incluyeron adultos con medición =1 de la tasa de filtración glomerular estimada (TFGe) y albuminuria más próximas al 1/enero/2018. Se analizaron la utilización anual de recursos sanitarios y costes sanitarios por paciente durante dos años. Resultados: Se incluyeron 70.385 sujetos, de los cuales el 30,0% tenía ERC. La proporción de pacientes con =1 hospitalización varióde 12,0% a 52,9% en las categorías G3a a G5 A1, de 6,0% a 47,4% en las categorías G1 a G5 A2 y de 13,5% a 69,8% en las categorías G1 a G5 A3. El coste total medio (DE) del primer año oscilóentre 2486,65 (1724,25) y 16085,75 (11731,67), 1567,67 (1293,56) a 14647,70 (11031,45) y 2799,43 (1800,53) a 20584,74 (11563,63) euros, respectivamente. En general, el principal componente del coste total fueron las hospitalizaciones. Todas estas cifras aumentaron a medida que disminuía la TFGe o aumentóla albuminuria y, en general, hubo una ligera disminución durante el segundo año en todas las categorías. Conclusiones: En vida real, la ERC puede estar asociada con una alta utilización de recursos sanitarios y costes que aumentan según empeora la función renal o la albuminuria. La reducción de la carga económica a través de políticas de prevención primordial y primaria, y el manejo integral con medicamentos protectores renales debe ser una prioridad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Healthcare resource utilization and costs of chronic kidney disease in Spain across KDIGO categories: Insights from real-world evidence.
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  Data: Utilización de recursos sanitarios y costes de la enfermedad renal crónica en España según los estadios KDIGO: resultados de evidencia del mundo real.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Nefrologia%22">Nefrologia</searchLink>. Jan2026, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p1-12. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CHRONIC+kidney+failure%22">CHRONIC kidney failure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COST%22">COST</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22EMPIRICAL+research%22">EMPIRICAL research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SPANIARDS%22">SPANIARDS</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MEDICAL+care+use%22">MEDICAL care use</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22HOSPITAL+care%22">HOSPITAL care</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22GLOMERULAR+filtration+rate%22">GLOMERULAR filtration rate</searchLink>
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  Data: Aim: To determine the healthcare resource utilization and costs in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) across the KDIGO stages in real-world clinical practice in Spain. Methods: Observational, retrospective study using the BIG-PAC database. Adults with =1 measurement of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria closest to 1st January 2018 were included. Annual healthcare resource utilization and healthcare costs per patient were analyzed within a two-year follow-up period. Results: 70,385 subjects were included, of whom 30.0% had CKD. The proportion of patients with =1 hospitalization ranged from 12.0% to 52.9% in categories G3a to G5 A1, from 6.0% to 47.4% in categories G1 to G5 A2 and from 13.5% to 69.8% in categories G1 to G5 A3. First year mean (SD) total cost ranged from 2486.65 (1724.25) to 16,085.75 (11,731.67), 1567.67 (1293.56) to 14,647.70 (11,031.45) and 2799.43 (1800.53) to 20,584.74 (11,563.63) Euros, respectively. Overall, the main driver for total cost was hospitalizations. All these numbers increased as eGFR declined or albuminuria increased and, in general, there was a slight decrease during the second year in all categories. Conclusions: In real-world, CKD may be associated with high healthcare resource utilization and costs that increase as renal function worsens or albuminuria levels increase. Reducing economic burden through primordial and primary prevention policies, and comprehensive management with kidney protective drugs should be a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (Spanish)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objetivo: Determinar la utilización de recursos sanitarios y los costes en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) según los estadios KDIGO en la práctica clínica real en España. Métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, utilizando la base BIG-PAC. Se incluyeron adultos con medición =1 de la tasa de filtración glomerular estimada (TFGe) y albuminuria más próximas al 1/enero/2018. Se analizaron la utilización anual de recursos sanitarios y costes sanitarios por paciente durante dos años. Resultados: Se incluyeron 70.385 sujetos, de los cuales el 30,0% tenía ERC. La proporción de pacientes con =1 hospitalización varióde 12,0% a 52,9% en las categorías G3a a G5 A1, de 6,0% a 47,4% en las categorías G1 a G5 A2 y de 13,5% a 69,8% en las categorías G1 a G5 A3. El coste total medio (DE) del primer año oscilóentre 2486,65 (1724,25) y 16085,75 (11731,67), 1567,67 (1293,56) a 14647,70 (11031,45) y 2799,43 (1800,53) a 20584,74 (11563,63) euros, respectivamente. En general, el principal componente del coste total fueron las hospitalizaciones. Todas estas cifras aumentaron a medida que disminuía la TFGe o aumentóla albuminuria y, en general, hubo una ligera disminución durante el segundo año en todas las categorías. Conclusiones: En vida real, la ERC puede estar asociada con una alta utilización de recursos sanitarios y costes que aumentan según empeora la función renal o la albuminuria. La reducción de la carga económica a través de políticas de prevención primordial y primaria, y el manejo integral con medicamentos protectores renales debe ser una prioridad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.nefro.2025.501414
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              Text: Jan2026
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