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Association of nutritional status and lifestyle with the presence of noncommunicable diseases in the Ecuadorian population. Case-control study.

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Title: Association of nutritional status and lifestyle with the presence of noncommunicable diseases in the Ecuadorian population. Case-control study.
Alternate Title: Asociación del estado nutricional y de variables relacionadas con el estilo de vida con la presencia de enfermedades no transmisibles en población ecuatoriana. Estudio de casos y controles.
Authors: Yambay-Bautista, Xavier Rodrigo1 xyambayb@ucacue.edu.ec, Romero-Sacoto, Lilia Azucena1
Source: Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 2025, Vol. 73, p1-16. 16p.
Subjects: NON-communicable diseases, LIFESTYLES, ECUADORIANS, CASE-control method, ALCOHOL drinking, BODY mass index, NUTRITIONAL status, SMOKING
Geographic Terms: ECUADOR
Abstract (English): Introduction: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are related to poor nutritional status and unhealthy lifestyles, increasing their burden on the population. Objective: To evaluate the association of nutritional status and lifestyle with the presence of NCDs in the Ecuadorian population. Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted in 352 individuals (176 cases and 176 controls) aged 20 to 64 years residing in District 03D01 in Ecuador. Cases were defined as individuals with 1 or more of the 8 NCDs mentioned in the questionnaire used, while controls were defined as individuals without these NCDs. Information was obtained between May 2022 and March 2023 by administering a validated questionnaire that included direct measurements of height, weight, and blood pressure. Differences in nutritional status (using the body mass index [BMI]) between cases and controls were assessed by means of the Mann-Whitney U test. A multivariate analysis (logistic regression model) was performed to establish the association of the analyzed lifestyle-related variables, BMI, and blood pressure with the presence of an NCD by calculating Odd Ratios (OR). Results: The median age of the cases was 52 years, with a predominance of women (73.86%) and rural residents (67.61%). According to their responses to the instrument, overweight/obesity was the most frequent NCD (19.88%), followed by high blood pressure (16.48%), and high cholesterol levels (16.48%); additionally, 76.14% had 2 or more NCDs. The median BMI of the cases was 25.48kg/m2 and 55.11% suffered from obesity according to this parameter. The multivariate analysis showed that alcohol intake (ORa=2.11; 95%CI: 1.14-3.95), active smoking (ORa=2.33; 95%CI: 1.13-4.88), and smoking cessation (ORa=0.43; 95%CI: 0.22-0.83) were associated with the presence of NCDs. Nutritional status (determined by BMI) was not significantly associated with the presence of NCDs. Conclusions: Alcohol use and smoking increased the likelihood of developing NCDs, whereas smoking cessation reduced the likelihood of NCDs. Nutritional status was not associated with the presence of NCDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Introducción. Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) se han relacionado con un mal estado nutricional y estilos de vida poco saludables, lo que incrementa su carga en esta población. Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación del estado nutricional y factores relacionados con el estilo de vida con la presencia de ENT en población ecuatoriana. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de casos y controles realizado en 352 individuos (176 casos y 176 controles) de 20 a 64 años del Distrito 03D01 en Ecuador. Los casos se definieron como individuos con 1 o más de las 8 ENT abordadas en el cuestionario utilizado y los controles, como personas sin estas ENT. La información fue obtenida entre mayo de 2022 y marzo de 2023 mediante la administración de un cuestionario validado que incluyó la medición directa de la talla, el peso y la presión arterial. Las diferencias en el estado nutricional (determinado por el índice de masa corporal [IMC]) entre casos y controles fueron evaluadas usando la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Se realizó un análisis multivariado (modelo de regresión logística) para determinar la asociación de las variables relacionadas con el estilo de vida analizadas, el IMC y la presión arterial con la presencia de ENT mediante el cálculo de Odd Ratios (OR). Resultados. La mediana de edad de los casos fue 52 años, predominando mujeres (73.86%) y residentes en zonas rurales (67.61%). De acuerdo con sus respuestas en el instrumento, el sobrepeso/obesidad fue la ENT más frecuente (19.88%), seguida de la hipertensión arterial (16.48%) y niveles altos de colesterol (16.48%); además, 76.14% tenían 2 o más ENT. La mediana de IMC en los casos fue 25.48kg/m2 y 55.11% eran obesos según este parámetro. En el análisis multivariado, el consumo de alcohol (ORa=2.11; IC95%: 1.14-3.95), el tabaquismo activo (ORa=2.33; IC95%: 1.13-4.88) y haber dejado de fumar (ORa=0.43; IC95%: 0.22-0.83) se asociaron con la presencia de ENT. El estado nutricional (determinado por el IMC) no se asoció significativamente con la presencia de ENT. Conclusiones. El consumo de alcohol y el tabaquismo aumentan la probabilidad de tener ENT, mientras que haber dejado de fumar la reduce. El estado nutricional no se asoció con la presencia de ENT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Association of nutritional status and lifestyle with the presence of noncommunicable diseases in the Ecuadorian population. Case-control study.
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  Data: Asociación del estado nutricional y de variables relacionadas con el estilo de vida con la presencia de enfermedades no transmisibles en población ecuatoriana. Estudio de casos y controles.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yambay-Bautista%2C+Xavier+Rodrigo%22">Yambay-Bautista, Xavier Rodrigo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> xyambayb@ucacue.edu.ec</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Romero-Sacoto%2C+Lilia+Azucena%22">Romero-Sacoto, Lilia Azucena</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Revista+Facultad+de+Medicina+de+la+Universidad+Nacional+de+Colombia%22">Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia</searchLink>. 2025, Vol. 73, p1-16. 16p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22NON-communicable+diseases%22">NON-communicable diseases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22LIFESTYLES%22">LIFESTYLES</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ECUADORIANS%22">ECUADORIANS</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CASE-control+method%22">CASE-control method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ALCOHOL+drinking%22">ALCOHOL drinking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22BODY+mass+index%22">BODY mass index</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22NUTRITIONAL+status%22">NUTRITIONAL status</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SMOKING%22">SMOKING</searchLink>
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (English)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introduction: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are related to poor nutritional status and unhealthy lifestyles, increasing their burden on the population. Objective: To evaluate the association of nutritional status and lifestyle with the presence of NCDs in the Ecuadorian population. Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted in 352 individuals (176 cases and 176 controls) aged 20 to 64 years residing in District 03D01 in Ecuador. Cases were defined as individuals with 1 or more of the 8 NCDs mentioned in the questionnaire used, while controls were defined as individuals without these NCDs. Information was obtained between May 2022 and March 2023 by administering a validated questionnaire that included direct measurements of height, weight, and blood pressure. Differences in nutritional status (using the body mass index [BMI]) between cases and controls were assessed by means of the Mann-Whitney U test. A multivariate analysis (logistic regression model) was performed to establish the association of the analyzed lifestyle-related variables, BMI, and blood pressure with the presence of an NCD by calculating Odd Ratios (OR). Results: The median age of the cases was 52 years, with a predominance of women (73.86%) and rural residents (67.61%). According to their responses to the instrument, overweight/obesity was the most frequent NCD (19.88%), followed by high blood pressure (16.48%), and high cholesterol levels (16.48%); additionally, 76.14% had 2 or more NCDs. The median BMI of the cases was 25.48kg/m2 and 55.11% suffered from obesity according to this parameter. The multivariate analysis showed that alcohol intake (ORa=2.11; 95%CI: 1.14-3.95), active smoking (ORa=2.33; 95%CI: 1.13-4.88), and smoking cessation (ORa=0.43; 95%CI: 0.22-0.83) were associated with the presence of NCDs. Nutritional status (determined by BMI) was not significantly associated with the presence of NCDs. Conclusions: Alcohol use and smoking increased the likelihood of developing NCDs, whereas smoking cessation reduced the likelihood of NCDs. Nutritional status was not associated with the presence of NCDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (Spanish)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introducción. Las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) se han relacionado con un mal estado nutricional y estilos de vida poco saludables, lo que incrementa su carga en esta población. Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación del estado nutricional y factores relacionados con el estilo de vida con la presencia de ENT en población ecuatoriana. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de casos y controles realizado en 352 individuos (176 casos y 176 controles) de 20 a 64 años del Distrito 03D01 en Ecuador. Los casos se definieron como individuos con 1 o más de las 8 ENT abordadas en el cuestionario utilizado y los controles, como personas sin estas ENT. La información fue obtenida entre mayo de 2022 y marzo de 2023 mediante la administración de un cuestionario validado que incluyó la medición directa de la talla, el peso y la presión arterial. Las diferencias en el estado nutricional (determinado por el índice de masa corporal [IMC]) entre casos y controles fueron evaluadas usando la prueba U de Mann-Whitney. Se realizó un análisis multivariado (modelo de regresión logística) para determinar la asociación de las variables relacionadas con el estilo de vida analizadas, el IMC y la presión arterial con la presencia de ENT mediante el cálculo de Odd Ratios (OR). Resultados. La mediana de edad de los casos fue 52 años, predominando mujeres (73.86%) y residentes en zonas rurales (67.61%). De acuerdo con sus respuestas en el instrumento, el sobrepeso/obesidad fue la ENT más frecuente (19.88%), seguida de la hipertensión arterial (16.48%) y niveles altos de colesterol (16.48%); además, 76.14% tenían 2 o más ENT. La mediana de IMC en los casos fue 25.48kg/m2 y 55.11% eran obesos según este parámetro. En el análisis multivariado, el consumo de alcohol (ORa=2.11; IC95%: 1.14-3.95), el tabaquismo activo (ORa=2.33; IC95%: 1.13-4.88) y haber dejado de fumar (ORa=0.43; IC95%: 0.22-0.83) se asociaron con la presencia de ENT. El estado nutricional (determinado por el IMC) no se asoció significativamente con la presencia de ENT. Conclusiones. El consumo de alcohol y el tabaquismo aumentan la probabilidad de tener ENT, mientras que haber dejado de fumar la reduce. El estado nutricional no se asoció con la presencia de ENT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – SubjectFull: ALCOHOL drinking
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      – SubjectFull: BODY mass index
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      – SubjectFull: NUTRITIONAL status
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