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Relation of frailty and polypharmacy on cognitive impairment in Chilean Older Adults.

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Title: Relation of frailty and polypharmacy on cognitive impairment in Chilean Older Adults.
Alternate Title: Relación entre la fragilidad y la polifarmacia en el deterioro cognitivo de los adultos mayores chilenos.
Relação entre fragilidade e polifarmácia no declínio cognitivo de idosos chilenos.
Authors: Arauna, Diego1 (AUTHOR) darauna@utalca.cl, Navarrete, Simón1 (AUTHOR) snavarretep@utalca.cl, Molina, Nacim1 (AUTHOR) nacim.molina@gmail.com, Reyes, Lemuel1 (AUTHOR) lemuel.reyes.b@gmail.com, Rojas, Juan Pablo1 (AUTHOR) jprojasburgos@gmail.com, Fuentes, Eduardo1 (AUTHOR) edfuentes@utalca.cl, Palomo, Iván1 (AUTHOR) ipalomo@utalca.cl
Source: MedUNAB. aug-nov2025, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p289-300. 12p.
Subjects: FRAILTY, POLYPHARMACY, LATIN Americans, OLDER people, MINI-Mental State Examination, COGNITION disorders
Abstract (English): Introduction.: The accelerated aging of the population increases the risk of the appearance of geriatric complications, such as cognitive damage. This damage has been related to frailty syndrome and polypharmacy in European cohorts, however, its relationship has not been fully clarified in Latin-American older people. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between cognitive impairment, polypharmacy, and the frailty syndrome in Chilean older adults. Methodology.: The investigation was designed as a cross-sectional study. The total of participants was 1,205 older adults, 65 years old and older. The presence or frailty was determined according to Fried Criteria. Polypharmacy status was evaluated employing a validated questionnaire conducted by a trained interviewer. The cognitive state was determined by the Mini-Mental State Examination. Results.: The prevalence of cognitive impairment in the studied tranversal was 19%. Older adults with cognitive impairment had a higher frailty score (2.39±1.45, p<0.001), a higher prevalence of frailty, and a higher prevalence of polypharmacy (45.6%, p=0.0016) compared to older adults with normal cognition. The frailty criteria weight loss (OR: 1.88, CI= 1.22-2.90, p=0.004), exhaustion (OR: 2.66, CI= 1.89-3.76, p<0.001), slowness (OR: 2.10, p<0.001), and low physical activity (OR: 1.59, p=0.009) were associated with cognitive impairment, however, the weakness criteria did not present a significant association (OR: 1.29, CI=0.94-1.80, pO.119). Discussion.: Cognitive impairment was present in 19% of aged and was related to aging, lower educational level, living alone, frailty, and polypharmacy. Conclusions.: Interventional strategies targeting frailty and excess consumption of medications may be a promising approach to prevent cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Introducción.: El envejecimiento acelerado de la población aumenta el riesgo de aparición de complicaciones geriátricas, como el deterioro cognitivo. Este deterioro se ha relacionado con el síndrome de fragilidad y la polifarmaeia en cohortes europeas; sin embargo, su relación no se ha aclarado completamente en las personas mayores latinoamericanas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre el deterioro cognitivo, la polifarmaeia y el síndrome de fragilidad en adultos mayores chilenos. Metodología.: El estudio se diseñó como un estudio transversal. El total de participantes fue de 1205 adultos mayores, de 65 años o más. La presencia de fragilidad se determinó según los criterios de Fried. El estado de polifarmaeia se evaluó mediante un cuestionario validado realizado por un entrevistador capacitado. El estado cognitivo se determinó mediante el Mini-Mental. Resultados.: La prevalencia del deterioro cognitivo en el estudio transversal fue del 19%. Los adultos mayores con deterioro cognitivo tenían una puntuación de fragilidad más alta (2.39 ± 1.45, p < 0.001), una mayor prevalencia de fragilidad y una mayor prevalencia de polifarmaeia (45.6%, p - 0.0016) en comparación con los adultos mayores con cognición normal. Los criterios de fragilidad pérdida de peso (OR: 1.88, IC = 1.22-2.90, p = 0.004), agotamiento (OR: 2.66, IC = 1.89-3.76, p<0.001), lentitud (OR: 2.10, p<0.001) y baja actividad física (OR: 1.59, p=0.009) se asociaron con deterioro cognitivo; sin embargo, los criterios de debilidad no presentaron una asociación significativa (OR: 1.29, ICO.94-1,80, p=0.119). Discusión.: El deterioro cognitivo estaba presente en el 19% de las personas mayores y estaba relacionado con el envejecimiento, el bajo nivel educativo, el hecho de vivir solo, la fragilidad y la polifarmaeia. Conclusiones.: Las estrategias de intervención dirigidas a la fragilidad y al consumo excesivo de medicamentos pueden ser un enfoque prometedor para prevenir el deterioro cognitivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Portuguese): Introdução.: O envelhecimento acelerado da população aumenta o risco de complicações geriátricas, como o declínio cognitivo. Esse declínio tem sido associado à síndrome de fragilidade e à polifarmácia em grupos europeus; no entanto, sua relação ainda não foi totalmente esclarecida em idosos latino-americanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre o declínio cognitivo, a polifarmácia e a síndrome de fragilidade em idosos chilenos. Metodologia.: O estudo foi delineado como um estudo transversal. O total de participantes foi de 1205 idosos, com 65 anos ou mais. A presença de fragilidade foi determinada de acordo com os critérios de Fried. O estado de polifarmácia foi avaliado através de um questionário validado, realizado por um entrevistador treinado. O estado cognitivo foi determinado através do Mini-Mental. Resultados.: A prevalência de declínio cognitivo no estudo transversal foi de 19%. Os idosos com declínio cognitivo apresentaram uma pontuação de fragilidade mais elevada (2.39 ± 1.45, p < 0.001), maior prevalência de fragilidade e maior prevalência de polifarmácia (45.6%, p = 0.0016) em comparação com os idosos com cognição normal. Os critérios de fragilidade perda de peso (OR: 1.88, IC = 1.22-2.90, p = 0.004), exaustão (OR: 2.66, IC = 1.89-3.76, p < 0.001), lentidão (OR: 2.10, p < 0.001) e baixa atividade física (OR: 1.59, p=0.009) foram associados ao declínio cognitivo; no entanto, os critérios de fraqueza não apresentaram associação significativa (OR: 1.29, IC=0.94-1.80, p=0.119). Discussão.: O declínio cognitivo estava presente em 19% dos idosos e estava relacionado com o envelhecimento, o baixo nível de escolaridade, o fato de viver sozinho, a fragilidade e a polifarmácia. Conclusões.: As estratégias de intervenção direcionadas à fragilidade e ao consumo excessivo de medicamentos podem ser uma abordagem promissora para prevenir o declínio cognitivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of MedUNAB is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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DbLabel: MedicLatina
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Relation of frailty and polypharmacy on cognitive impairment in Chilean Older Adults.
– Name: TitleAlt
  Label: Alternate Title
  Group: TiAlt
  Data: Relaci&#243;n entre la fragilidad y la polifarmacia en el deterioro cognitivo de los adultos mayores chilenos.&lt;br /&gt;Rela&#231;&#227;o entre fragilidade e polifarm&#225;cia no decl&#237;nio cognitivo de idosos chilenos.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Arauna%2C+Diego%22&quot;&gt;Arauna, Diego&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; darauna@utalca.cl&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Navarrete%2C+Sim&#243;n%22&quot;&gt;Navarrete, Sim&#243;n&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; snavarretep@utalca.cl&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Molina%2C+Nacim%22&quot;&gt;Molina, Nacim&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; nacim.molina@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Reyes%2C+Lemuel%22&quot;&gt;Reyes, Lemuel&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; lemuel.reyes.b@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Rojas%2C+Juan+Pablo%22&quot;&gt;Rojas, Juan Pablo&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; jprojasburgos@gmail.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Fuentes%2C+Eduardo%22&quot;&gt;Fuentes, Eduardo&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; edfuentes@utalca.cl&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Palomo%2C+Iv&#225;n%22&quot;&gt;Palomo, Iv&#225;n&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; ipalomo@utalca.cl&lt;/i&gt;
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22MedUNAB%22&quot;&gt;MedUNAB&lt;/searchLink&gt;. aug-nov2025, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p289-300. 12p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22FRAILTY%22&quot;&gt;FRAILTY&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22POLYPHARMACY%22&quot;&gt;POLYPHARMACY&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22LATIN+Americans%22&quot;&gt;LATIN Americans&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22OLDER+people%22&quot;&gt;OLDER people&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22MINI-Mental+State+Examination%22&quot;&gt;MINI-Mental State Examination&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22COGNITION+disorders%22&quot;&gt;COGNITION disorders&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (English)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introduction.: The accelerated aging of the population increases the risk of the appearance of geriatric complications, such as cognitive damage. This damage has been related to frailty syndrome and polypharmacy in European cohorts, however, its relationship has not been fully clarified in Latin-American older people. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between cognitive impairment, polypharmacy, and the frailty syndrome in Chilean older adults. Methodology.: The investigation was designed as a cross-sectional study. The total of participants was 1,205 older adults, 65 years old and older. The presence or frailty was determined according to Fried Criteria. Polypharmacy status was evaluated employing a validated questionnaire conducted by a trained interviewer. The cognitive state was determined by the Mini-Mental State Examination. Results.: The prevalence of cognitive impairment in the studied tranversal was 19%. Older adults with cognitive impairment had a higher frailty score (2.39&#177;1.45, p&lt;0.001), a higher prevalence of frailty, and a higher prevalence of polypharmacy (45.6%, p=0.0016) compared to older adults with normal cognition. The frailty criteria weight loss (OR: 1.88, CI= 1.22-2.90, p=0.004), exhaustion (OR: 2.66, CI= 1.89-3.76, p&lt;0.001), slowness (OR: 2.10, p&lt;0.001), and low physical activity (OR: 1.59, p=0.009) were associated with cognitive impairment, however, the weakness criteria did not present a significant association (OR: 1.29, CI=0.94-1.80, pO.119). Discussion.: Cognitive impairment was present in 19% of aged and was related to aging, lower educational level, living alone, frailty, and polypharmacy. Conclusions.: Interventional strategies targeting frailty and excess consumption of medications may be a promising approach to prevent cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (Spanish)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introducci&#243;n.: El envejecimiento acelerado de la poblaci&#243;n aumenta el riesgo de aparici&#243;n de complicaciones geri&#225;tricas, como el deterioro cognitivo. Este deterioro se ha relacionado con el s&#237;ndrome de fragilidad y la polifarmaeia en cohortes europeas; sin embargo, su relaci&#243;n no se ha aclarado completamente en las personas mayores latinoamericanas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relaci&#243;n entre el deterioro cognitivo, la polifarmaeia y el s&#237;ndrome de fragilidad en adultos mayores chilenos. Metodolog&#237;a.: El estudio se dise&#241;&#243; como un estudio transversal. El total de participantes fue de 1205 adultos mayores, de 65 a&#241;os o m&#225;s. La presencia de fragilidad se determin&#243; seg&#250;n los criterios de Fried. El estado de polifarmaeia se evalu&#243; mediante un cuestionario validado realizado por un entrevistador capacitado. El estado cognitivo se determin&#243; mediante el Mini-Mental. Resultados.: La prevalencia del deterioro cognitivo en el estudio transversal fue del 19%. Los adultos mayores con deterioro cognitivo ten&#237;an una puntuaci&#243;n de fragilidad m&#225;s alta (2.39 &#177; 1.45, p &lt; 0.001), una mayor prevalencia de fragilidad y una mayor prevalencia de polifarmaeia (45.6%, p - 0.0016) en comparaci&#243;n con los adultos mayores con cognici&#243;n normal. Los criterios de fragilidad p&#233;rdida de peso (OR: 1.88, IC = 1.22-2.90, p = 0.004), agotamiento (OR: 2.66, IC = 1.89-3.76, p&lt;0.001), lentitud (OR: 2.10, p&lt;0.001) y baja actividad f&#237;sica (OR: 1.59, p=0.009) se asociaron con deterioro cognitivo; sin embargo, los criterios de debilidad no presentaron una asociaci&#243;n significativa (OR: 1.29, ICO.94-1,80, p=0.119). Discusi&#243;n.: El deterioro cognitivo estaba presente en el 19% de las personas mayores y estaba relacionado con el envejecimiento, el bajo nivel educativo, el hecho de vivir solo, la fragilidad y la polifarmaeia. Conclusiones.: Las estrategias de intervenci&#243;n dirigidas a la fragilidad y al consumo excesivo de medicamentos pueden ser un enfoque prometedor para prevenir el deterioro cognitivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (Portuguese)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introdu&#231;&#227;o.: O envelhecimento acelerado da popula&#231;&#227;o aumenta o risco de complica&#231;&#245;es geri&#225;tricas, como o decl&#237;nio cognitivo. Esse decl&#237;nio tem sido associado &#224; s&#237;ndrome de fragilidade e &#224; polifarm&#225;cia em grupos europeus; no entanto, sua rela&#231;&#227;o ainda n&#227;o foi totalmente esclarecida em idosos latino-americanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o decl&#237;nio cognitivo, a polifarm&#225;cia e a s&#237;ndrome de fragilidade em idosos chilenos. Metodologia.: O estudo foi delineado como um estudo transversal. O total de participantes foi de 1205 idosos, com 65 anos ou mais. A presen&#231;a de fragilidade foi determinada de acordo com os crit&#233;rios de Fried. O estado de polifarm&#225;cia foi avaliado atrav&#233;s de um question&#225;rio validado, realizado por um entrevistador treinado. O estado cognitivo foi determinado atrav&#233;s do Mini-Mental. Resultados.: A preval&#234;ncia de decl&#237;nio cognitivo no estudo transversal foi de 19%. Os idosos com decl&#237;nio cognitivo apresentaram uma pontua&#231;&#227;o de fragilidade mais elevada (2.39 &#177; 1.45, p &lt; 0.001), maior preval&#234;ncia de fragilidade e maior preval&#234;ncia de polifarm&#225;cia (45.6%, p = 0.0016) em compara&#231;&#227;o com os idosos com cogni&#231;&#227;o normal. Os crit&#233;rios de fragilidade perda de peso (OR: 1.88, IC = 1.22-2.90, p = 0.004), exaust&#227;o (OR: 2.66, IC = 1.89-3.76, p &lt; 0.001), lentid&#227;o (OR: 2.10, p &lt; 0.001) e baixa atividade f&#237;sica (OR: 1.59, p=0.009) foram associados ao decl&#237;nio cognitivo; no entanto, os crit&#233;rios de fraqueza n&#227;o apresentaram associa&#231;&#227;o significativa (OR: 1.29, IC=0.94-1.80, p=0.119). Discuss&#227;o.: O decl&#237;nio cognitivo estava presente em 19% dos idosos e estava relacionado com o envelhecimento, o baixo n&#237;vel de escolaridade, o fato de viver sozinho, a fragilidade e a polifarm&#225;cia. Conclus&#245;es.: As estrat&#233;gias de interven&#231;&#227;o direcionadas &#224; fragilidade e ao consumo excessivo de medicamentos podem ser uma abordagem promissora para prevenir o decl&#237;nio cognitivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of MedUNAB is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga, UNAB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.29375/01237047.5107
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 289
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      – SubjectFull: FRAILTY
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: POLYPHARMACY
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: LATIN Americans
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      – SubjectFull: OLDER people
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      – SubjectFull: MINI-Mental State Examination
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      – SubjectFull: COGNITION disorders
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      – TitleFull: Relation of frailty and polypharmacy on cognitive impairment in Chilean Older Adults.
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              M: 08
              Text: aug-nov2025
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              Y: 2025
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