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Oral and Maxillofacial Effects of Chronic Cocaine Use: A Systematic Review.

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Title: Oral and Maxillofacial Effects of Chronic Cocaine Use: A Systematic Review.
Alternate Title: Efectos orales y maxilofaciales del consumo crónico de cocaína: revisión sistemática.
Efeitos orais e maxilofaciais do uso crônico de cocaína: uma revisão sistemática.
Authors: Morales-Valladares, Gustavo Adrián1 gavmorales@udlanet.ec, Gavilanez-Gaibor, Alejandra Esthefania1 aegavilanez@uce.edu.ec, Lanas-Terán, Guillermo Alberto1 glanas@uce.edu.ec, Tapia-Tapia, Gabriela Nataly1 gntapiat@uce.edu.ec
Source: Universitas Odontológica. 2025, Vol. 44, p1-12. 12p.
Subjects: COCAINE abuse, COCAINE-induced disorders, EVIDENCE synthesis, ORAL health, MAXILLOFACIAL surgery, SUBSTANCE abuse, DENTAL care, VASCULAR diseases
Abstract (English): Background: Cocaine abuse produces severe oral and maxillofacial damage, yet these manifestations are often underrecognized in clinical practice. Purpose: To analyze and synthesize current evidence on the oral and maxillofacial abnormalities associated with cocaine use. Methods: This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42024583820). A comprehensive search of articles published from 2019 to 2024 was performed in the following databases: EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, PubMed, LiLACS, and SciELO. Extracted data included: origin and terminology of cocaine, pharmacology, general symptomatology, oral and maxillofacial effects, medical–dental management, and dental management. Results: A total of 10,529 records were identified, of which 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. More than 80% of the selected articles were written in English. Several uncommon oral and maxillofacial complications were identified, such as retinal artery branch occlusion and cervicocephalic arterial dissection. Conclusions: The evidence indicates that cocaine use is associated with a wide spectrum of oral and maxillofacial manifestations, including rare vascular complications. Continued research is needed to deepen the understanding of these alterations and to explore potential adjunctive therapies in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Antecedentes: El consumo de cocaína produce daños orales y maxilofaciales graves; sin embargo, estas manifestaciones a menudo no se reconocen adecuadamente en la práctica clínica. Objetivo: Analizar y sintetizar la evidencia actual sobre las anomalías orales y maxilofaciales asociadas al consumo de cocaína. Métodos: Esta revisión sistemática se realizó siguiendo las directrices PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). El protocolo se inscribió en el Registro Internacional Prospectivo de Revisiones Sistemáticas (CRD42024583820). Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de artículos publicados entre 2019 y 2024 en las siguientes bases de datos: EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, PubMed, LiLACS y SciELO. Los datos extraídos incluyeron: origen y terminología de la cocaína, farmacología, sintomatología general, efectos orales y maxilofaciales, manejo médico-dental y manejo odontológico. Resultados: Se identificó un total de 10.529 registros, de los cuales 17 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Más del 80% de los artículos seleccionados estaban escritos en inglés. Se identificaron varias complicaciones orales y maxilofaciales poco comunes, como la oclusión de la rama de la arteria retiniana y la disección arterial cervicocefálica. Conclusiones: La evidencia indica que el consumo de cocaína se asocia con un amplio espectro de manifestaciones orales y maxilofaciales, incluidas complicaciones vasculares raras. Se necesita investigación continua para profundizar en la comprensión de estas alteraciones y explorar posibles terapias complementarias en esta población. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Portuguese): Antecedentes: O abuso de cocaína causa danos orais e maxilofaciais graves, porém essas manifestações são frequentemente subestimadas na prática clínica. Objetivo: Analisar e sintetizar as evidências atuais sobre as anormalidades orais e maxilofaciais associadas ao uso de cocaína. Métodos: Esta revisão sistemática foi conduzida seguindo as diretrizes do PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). O protocolo foi registrado no Registro Internacional Prospectivo de Revisões Sistemáticas (CRD42024583820). Uma busca abrangente de artigos publicados entre 2019 e 2024 foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, PubMed, LiLACS e SciELO. Os dados extraídos incluíram: origem e terminologia da cocaína, farmacologia, sintomatologia geral, efeitos orais e maxilofaciais, manejo médico-odontológico e manejo odontológico. Resultados: Um total de 10.529 registros foram identificados, dos quais 17 estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Mais de 80% dos artigos selecionados foram escritos em inglês. Várias complicações orais e maxilofaciais incomuns foram identificadas, como oclusão de ramo da artéria retiniana e dissecção arterial cervicocefálica. Conclusões: As evidências indicam que o uso de cocaína está associado a um amplo espectro de manifestações orais e maxilofaciais, incluindo complicações vasculares raras. Pesquisas adicionais são necessárias para aprofundar a compreensão dessas alterações e explorar potenciais terapias adjuvantes nessa população. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Universitas Odontológica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Oral and Maxillofacial Effects of Chronic Cocaine Use: A Systematic Review.
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  Label: Alternate Title
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  Data: Efectos orales y maxilofaciales del consumo crónico de cocaína: revisión sistemática.<br />Efeitos orais e maxilofaciais do uso crônico de cocaína: uma revisão sistemática.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Morales-Valladares%2C+Gustavo+Adrián%22">Morales-Valladares, Gustavo Adrián</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> gavmorales@udlanet.ec</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gavilanez-Gaibor%2C+Alejandra+Esthefania%22">Gavilanez-Gaibor, Alejandra Esthefania</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> aegavilanez@uce.edu.ec</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lanas-Terán%2C+Guillermo+Alberto%22">Lanas-Terán, Guillermo Alberto</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> glanas@uce.edu.ec</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tapia-Tapia%2C+Gabriela+Nataly%22">Tapia-Tapia, Gabriela Nataly</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> gntapiat@uce.edu.ec</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Universitas+Odontológica%22">Universitas Odontológica</searchLink>. 2025, Vol. 44, p1-12. 12p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subjects
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COCAINE+abuse%22">COCAINE abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COCAINE-induced+disorders%22">COCAINE-induced disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22EVIDENCE+synthesis%22">EVIDENCE synthesis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22ORAL+health%22">ORAL health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MAXILLOFACIAL+surgery%22">MAXILLOFACIAL surgery</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22SUBSTANCE+abuse%22">SUBSTANCE abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22DENTAL+care%22">DENTAL care</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22VASCULAR+diseases%22">VASCULAR diseases</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (English)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Cocaine abuse produces severe oral and maxillofacial damage, yet these manifestations are often underrecognized in clinical practice. Purpose: To analyze and synthesize current evidence on the oral and maxillofacial abnormalities associated with cocaine use. Methods: This systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42024583820). A comprehensive search of articles published from 2019 to 2024 was performed in the following databases: EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, PubMed, LiLACS, and SciELO. Extracted data included: origin and terminology of cocaine, pharmacology, general symptomatology, oral and maxillofacial effects, medical–dental management, and dental management. Results: A total of 10,529 records were identified, of which 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. More than 80% of the selected articles were written in English. Several uncommon oral and maxillofacial complications were identified, such as retinal artery branch occlusion and cervicocephalic arterial dissection. Conclusions: The evidence indicates that cocaine use is associated with a wide spectrum of oral and maxillofacial manifestations, including rare vascular complications. Continued research is needed to deepen the understanding of these alterations and to explore potential adjunctive therapies in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (Spanish)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Antecedentes: El consumo de cocaína produce daños orales y maxilofaciales graves; sin embargo, estas manifestaciones a menudo no se reconocen adecuadamente en la práctica clínica. Objetivo: Analizar y sintetizar la evidencia actual sobre las anomalías orales y maxilofaciales asociadas al consumo de cocaína. Métodos: Esta revisión sistemática se realizó siguiendo las directrices PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). El protocolo se inscribió en el Registro Internacional Prospectivo de Revisiones Sistemáticas (CRD42024583820). Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de artículos publicados entre 2019 y 2024 en las siguientes bases de datos: EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, PubMed, LiLACS y SciELO. Los datos extraídos incluyeron: origen y terminología de la cocaína, farmacología, sintomatología general, efectos orales y maxilofaciales, manejo médico-dental y manejo odontológico. Resultados: Se identificó un total de 10.529 registros, de los cuales 17 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Más del 80% de los artículos seleccionados estaban escritos en inglés. Se identificaron varias complicaciones orales y maxilofaciales poco comunes, como la oclusión de la rama de la arteria retiniana y la disección arterial cervicocefálica. Conclusiones: La evidencia indica que el consumo de cocaína se asocia con un amplio espectro de manifestaciones orales y maxilofaciales, incluidas complicaciones vasculares raras. Se necesita investigación continua para profundizar en la comprensión de estas alteraciones y explorar posibles terapias complementarias en esta población. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (Portuguese)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Antecedentes: O abuso de cocaína causa danos orais e maxilofaciais graves, porém essas manifestações são frequentemente subestimadas na prática clínica. Objetivo: Analisar e sintetizar as evidências atuais sobre as anormalidades orais e maxilofaciais associadas ao uso de cocaína. Métodos: Esta revisão sistemática foi conduzida seguindo as diretrizes do PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). O protocolo foi registrado no Registro Internacional Prospectivo de Revisões Sistemáticas (CRD42024583820). Uma busca abrangente de artigos publicados entre 2019 e 2024 foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, PubMed, LiLACS e SciELO. Os dados extraídos incluíram: origem e terminologia da cocaína, farmacologia, sintomatologia geral, efeitos orais e maxilofaciais, manejo médico-odontológico e manejo odontológico. Resultados: Um total de 10.529 registros foram identificados, dos quais 17 estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Mais de 80% dos artigos selecionados foram escritos em inglês. Várias complicações orais e maxilofaciais incomuns foram identificadas, como oclusão de ramo da artéria retiniana e dissecção arterial cervicocefálica. Conclusões: As evidências indicam que o uso de cocaína está associado a um amplo espectro de manifestações orais e maxilofaciais, incluindo complicações vasculares raras. Pesquisas adicionais são necessárias para aprofundar a compreensão dessas alterações e explorar potenciais terapias adjuvantes nessa população. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Universitas Odontológica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=lth&AN=193377613
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        Value: 10.11144/Javeriana.uo44.oemc
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: COCAINE-induced disorders
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      – SubjectFull: EVIDENCE synthesis
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      – SubjectFull: ORAL health
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      – SubjectFull: VASCULAR diseases
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      – TitleFull: Oral and Maxillofacial Effects of Chronic Cocaine Use: A Systematic Review.
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              Text: 2025
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