Desafíos en recursos humanos para implementar las funciones esenciales en salud pública en Colombia, 2023.

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Title: Desafíos en recursos humanos para implementar las funciones esenciales en salud pública en Colombia, 2023.
Alternate Title: Human resources challenges in implementing the essential public health functions in Colombia, 2023.
Desafios de recursos humanos para a implementação das funções essenciais de saúde pública na Colômbia, 2023.
Authors: Guerrero Espinel, Juan Eduardo1, Álvarez, Consuelo Vélez2 cva@autonoma.edu.co, Cerezo Correa, María del Pilar2, Cifuentes Aguirre, Olga Lucía2, Díaz, Mónica Padilla3, Jaramillo, Julián Vargas4, Arbeláez Montoya, María Patricia4, Robles Fonnegra, William Alberto5
Source: Pan American Journal of Public Health / Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública. 2025, Vol. 49, p1-10. 10p.
Subjects: POLICY sciences, PUBLIC health surveillance, HEALTH services accessibility, MEDICAL personnel, HUMAN services programs, QUALITATIVE research, PROFESSIONAL practice, RESOURCE allocation, SOCIAL determinants of health, HEALTH policy, MEDICAL care, LEADERSHIP, CLINICAL governance, AT-risk people, JUDGMENT sampling, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems, PUBLIC health administration, WORKING hours, RESEARCH, CLINICAL competence, METROPOLITAN areas, DATA analysis software, PUBLIC health, HEALTH promotion, EVIDENCE-based medicine, EARLY diagnosis, EMERGENCY management, PREVENTIVE health services
Geographic Terms: COLOMBIA
Abstract (English): Objective. To characterize the workforce that performs public health actions related to the essential public health functions. Methods. Exploratory study with a qualitative approach; municipalities selected according to administrative criteria; purposive sampling, with at least 20 people in four departments. Occupations were defined based on stakeholder mapping and organizational charts of institutions. Data were collected in Google Forms® and face-to-face workshops, and were processed in Excel® and SPSS®. Results. Within the different phases of the policy cycle, priority was placed on following sub-functions: in "Evaluation", strengthening information systems, surveillance, emergency preparedness, and promoting evidence-based research; in "Policy development", leadership and governance, with the participation of vulnerable groups; in "Resource allocation", the need to improve the competencies and distribution of health personnel, and to guarantee access to medicines and sustainable financing; and in "Access", prevention and early detection of diseases, with a comprehensive approach to the social determinants of health. A concentration of professionals in capital cities and a need to improve working conditions were identified. Conclusions. The essential public health functions strengthen stewardship in health and improve access, equity, and quality of life in Colombia. Priority sub-functions were identified in each phase of the policy cycle, particularly in the "Access" component. Given the diversity of occupations, it is necessary to formally recognize and coordinate these profiles. The findings offer guidance on public health education and support strategic planning and the formulation of comprehensive public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Objetivo. Caracterizar la fuerza laboral que realiza acciones de salud pública relacionadas con las funciones esenciales en salud pública. Método. Estudio exploratorio, enfoque cualitativo, se seleccionaron municipios según criterios administrativos. Muestreo intencional, con al menos 20 personas en cuatro departamentos. Se definieron ocupaciones, con base en mapeo de actores y organigramas institucionales. Datos recopilados en Google Forms® y talleres presenciales, que se procesaron en Excel® y SPSS®. Resultados. Según el ciclo de políticas, en "Evaluación" se priorizaron las subfunciones fortalecer sistemas de información, vigilancia, preparación ante emergencias, y fomentar investigaciones basadas en evidencia; en "Desarrollo de políticas", las relacionadas con liderazgo y gobernanza, asegurando la participación de grupos en condiciones de vulnerabilidad; en "Asignación de recursos", la necesidad de mejorar las competencias y distribución del personal de salud, y garantizar acceso a medicamentos y financiamiento sostenible; y en "Acceso", la prevención y detección temprana de enfermedades, con enfoque integral sobre los determinantes sociales de la salud. Se identificó concentración de profesionales en capitales y necesidad de mejorar las condiciones laborales. Conclusiones. Las funciones esenciales de salud pública fortalecen la rectoría en salud y mejoran el acceso, la equidad y la calidad de vida en Colombia. Se identificaron subfunciones prioritarias por fase del ciclo de políticas, donde se destaca el componente "Acceso". La diversidad de ocupaciones involucradas exige reconocer y articular de manera formal estos perfiles. Los hallazgos orientan la formación en salud pública, y respaldan la planificación estratégica y la formulación de políticas públicas integrales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Portuguese): Objetivos. Caracterizar a força de trabalho que realiza ações de saúde pública relacionadas às funções essenciais de saúde pública. Métodos. Estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa realizado em municípios selecionados de acordo com critérios administrativos. Amostragem intencional, com pelo menos 20 pessoas de quatro departamentos. As ocupações foram definidas com base no mapeamento dos atores e nos organogramas institucionais. Os dados foram coletados por meio do Google Forms® e de oficinas presenciais e processados no Excel® e no SPSS®. Resultados. Segundo o ciclo de políticas, na fase de "Avaliação", foram priorizadas as subfunções de fortalecer os sistemas de informação, vigilância e preparação para emergências e de fomentar pesquisas baseadas em evidências; na fase "Formulação de políticas", as relacionadas à liderança e à governança, garantindo a participação de grupos em condições de vulnerabilidade; na fase "Alocação de recursos", a necessidade de melhorar as competências e a distribuição da força de trabalho em saúde e de garantir o acesso a medicamentos e financiamento sustentável; e, na fase de "Acesso", a prevenção e a detecção precoce de doenças, com uma abordagem integral dos determinantes sociais da saúde. Constatou-se uma concentração de profissionais nas capitais, bem como a necessidade de melhorar as condições de trabalho. Conclusões. As funções essenciais de saúde pública fortalecem a gestão da saúde e melhoram o acesso, a equidade e a qualidade de vida na Colômbia. As subfunções prioritárias foram identificadas por fase do ciclo de políticas, com destaque para o componente "Acesso". A diversidade de ocupações envolvidas requer o reconhecimento e a articulação formal desses perfis. Os achados orientam a formação em saúde pública e apoiam o planejamento estratégico e a formulação de políticas públicas abrangentes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: MedicLatina
Description
Abstract:Objective. To characterize the workforce that performs public health actions related to the essential public health functions. Methods. Exploratory study with a qualitative approach; municipalities selected according to administrative criteria; purposive sampling, with at least 20 people in four departments. Occupations were defined based on stakeholder mapping and organizational charts of institutions. Data were collected in Google Forms® and face-to-face workshops, and were processed in Excel® and SPSS®. Results. Within the different phases of the policy cycle, priority was placed on following sub-functions: in "Evaluation", strengthening information systems, surveillance, emergency preparedness, and promoting evidence-based research; in "Policy development", leadership and governance, with the participation of vulnerable groups; in "Resource allocation", the need to improve the competencies and distribution of health personnel, and to guarantee access to medicines and sustainable financing; and in "Access", prevention and early detection of diseases, with a comprehensive approach to the social determinants of health. A concentration of professionals in capital cities and a need to improve working conditions were identified. Conclusions. The essential public health functions strengthen stewardship in health and improve access, equity, and quality of life in Colombia. Priority sub-functions were identified in each phase of the policy cycle, particularly in the "Access" component. Given the diversity of occupations, it is necessary to formally recognize and coordinate these profiles. The findings offer guidance on public health education and support strategic planning and the formulation of comprehensive public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:10204989
DOI:10.26633/RPSP.2025.74