Association Between C-Reactive Protein–Triglyceride Glucose Index and Depressive Symptoms Among US Adults: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study From 2005 to 2023.
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| Title: | Association Between C-Reactive Protein–Triglyceride Glucose Index and Depressive Symptoms Among US Adults: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study From 2005 to 2023. |
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| Authors: | Liu, Dan1, Qi, Wenye2 fzbh543201@163.com, Zhu, Chunying3,4 |
| Source: | Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria. 2026, Vol. 54 Issue 2, p455-466. 12p. |
| Subjects: | Mental depression, Biomarkers, Insulin resistance, Cross-sectional method, National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey, C-reactive protein, Metabolic syndrome, Inflammation |
| Geographic Terms: | United States |
| Abstract: | Background/Objective: Depressive disorders represent a major global health challenge, with inflammation and insulin resistance identified as key pathophysiological factors. The C-reactive protein–triglyceride glucose index (CTI), a novel composite biomarker integrating the inflammatory and metabolic pathways, has demonstrated enhanced predictive value in cardiometabolic diseases. However, its relationship with depression remains unexplored. This study examined the association between CTI and depressive symptoms in a nationally representative U.S. adult population. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005 to 2023. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, with scores ≥10 indicating clinically significant symptoms. CTI was calculated as 0.412 × Ln(CRP) + Ln[triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to evaluate CTI–depression associations, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and laboratory parameters. Restricted cubic spline analysis assessed dose–response relationships, and subgroup analyses examined consistency across demographic and clinical strata. Results: Among 15,318 participants (mean age 48.97 years; 49.78% female), 8.73% exhibited depressive symptoms. After comprehensive adjustment, each unit increase in CTI corresponded to a 23% increase in the risks of depression (odds ratio (OR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.36, p = 0.0001). Participants in the highest CTI tertile demonstrated 48% elevated odds compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.17– 1.86, p = 0.0009), with a significant linear trend (p for trend = 0.0005). Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed a linear dose–response relationship (p for nonlinearity = 0.1665). Associations remained consistent across age, sex, race/ethnicity and comorbidity subgroups (all p for interaction >0.05). Conclusion: Elevated CTI levels are independently associated with increased depression risk in U.S. adults, demonstrating a linear dose–response relationship. CTI may serve as a practical screening tool for identifying individuals at heightened depression risk, enabling integrated cardiometabolic–mental health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria is the property of Maria Lopez-Ibor and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | MedicLatina |
| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: lth DbLabel: MedicLatina An: 194562705 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Association Between C-Reactive Protein–Triglyceride Glucose Index and Depressive Symptoms Among US Adults: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study From 2005 to 2023. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Dan%22">Liu, Dan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Qi%2C+Wenye%22">Qi, Wenye</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><i> fzbh543201@163.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Chunying%22">Zhu, Chunying</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Actas+Espanolas+de+Psiquiatria%22">Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria</searchLink>. 2026, Vol. 54 Issue 2, p455-466. 12p. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+depression%22">Mental depression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomarkers%22">Biomarkers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Insulin+resistance%22">Insulin resistance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cross-sectional+method%22">Cross-sectional method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22National+Health+%26+Nutrition+Examination+Survey%22">National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22C-reactive+protein%22">C-reactive protein</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metabolic+syndrome%22">Metabolic syndrome</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Inflammation%22">Inflammation</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Background/Objective: Depressive disorders represent a major global health challenge, with inflammation and insulin resistance identified as key pathophysiological factors. The C-reactive protein–triglyceride glucose index (CTI), a novel composite biomarker integrating the inflammatory and metabolic pathways, has demonstrated enhanced predictive value in cardiometabolic diseases. However, its relationship with depression remains unexplored. This study examined the association between CTI and depressive symptoms in a nationally representative U.S. adult population. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005 to 2023. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, with scores ≥10 indicating clinically significant symptoms. CTI was calculated as 0.412 × Ln(CRP) + Ln[triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to evaluate CTI–depression associations, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and laboratory parameters. Restricted cubic spline analysis assessed dose–response relationships, and subgroup analyses examined consistency across demographic and clinical strata. Results: Among 15,318 participants (mean age 48.97 years; 49.78% female), 8.73% exhibited depressive symptoms. After comprehensive adjustment, each unit increase in CTI corresponded to a 23% increase in the risks of depression (odds ratio (OR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.36, p = 0.0001). Participants in the highest CTI tertile demonstrated 48% elevated odds compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.17– 1.86, p = 0.0009), with a significant linear trend (p for trend = 0.0005). Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed a linear dose–response relationship (p for nonlinearity = 0.1665). Associations remained consistent across age, sex, race/ethnicity and comorbidity subgroups (all p for interaction >0.05). Conclusion: Elevated CTI levels are independently associated with increased depression risk in U.S. adults, demonstrating a linear dose–response relationship. CTI may serve as a practical screening tool for identifying individuals at heightened depression risk, enabling integrated cardiometabolic–mental health interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria is the property of Maria Lopez-Ibor and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.62641/aep.v54i2.2163 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 12 StartPage: 455 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Mental depression Type: general – SubjectFull: Biomarkers Type: general – SubjectFull: Insulin resistance Type: general – SubjectFull: Cross-sectional method Type: general – SubjectFull: National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey Type: general – SubjectFull: C-reactive protein Type: general – SubjectFull: Metabolic syndrome Type: general – SubjectFull: Inflammation Type: general – SubjectFull: United States Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Association Between C-Reactive Protein–Triglyceride Glucose Index and Depressive Symptoms Among US Adults: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study From 2005 to 2023. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Liu, Dan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Qi, Wenye – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhu, Chunying IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 03 Text: 2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 11399287 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 54 – Type: issue Value: 2 Titles: – TitleFull: Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
