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Validation of a Scale to Measure the Psychological Well-being of Physiotherapists in Training at a Public University in Mexico.

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Title: Validation of a Scale to Measure the Psychological Well-being of Physiotherapists in Training at a Public University in Mexico.
Alternate Title: Validación de una escala de bienestar psicológico de fisioterapeutas en formación en una universidad pública de México.
Authors: Flores Hernández, Fernando1 (AUTHOR), Tejeda-Castellanos, Xochiquetzalli2 (AUTHOR), Vives Varela, Tania1 (AUTHOR), Millán Hernández, Manuel1 (AUTHOR), Luja Ramírez, Luis Alberto3 (AUTHOR), Gutiérrez Camacho, Claudia4 (AUTHOR) claudia.g.cam@facmed.unam.mx
Source: Salud Mental. May/Jun2026, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p125-130. 6p.
Subjects: Psychological well-being, Physical therapy education, Mexicans, Psychological tests, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Test validity, Factor analysis, Test reliability, Psychometrics
Geographic Terms: Mexico
Abstract (English): Introduction: According to the eudaimonic theory proposed by Carol Ryff, psychological wellbeing involves achieving fulfillment through the search for perfection and realizing one's potential. However, some scales do not clearly differentiate levels of wellbeing and must be adapted for specific populations, such as Mexicans. Objective: To validate the Ryff wellbeing scale in physiotherapy students and obtain its psychometric properties. Method: The scale was administered to 196 students in the bachelor's degree program in physiotherapy at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Adjustment values and explained variance were determined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency was obtained through Cronbach's Alpha. ANOVA was used to determine the discrimination of the items and dimensions of the scale. Results: An instrument with a solid structure, variance, internal consistency, and adequate discrimination was obtained. Discussion and conclusion: This study enabled us to establish six aspects of wellbeing in physiotherapy students: personal growth, self-acceptance, self-control, maintaining positive relationships with others, personal interaction, professional relationships and future, and purpose in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish): Introducción: El bienestar psicológico desde la conceptualización eudamónica propuesta por Carol Riff supone el logro del potencial a través de la búsqueda de la perfección y la realización del propio potencial. Las escalas propuestas no siempre discriminan los niveles de bienestar y requieren de su adaptación a diferentes poblaciones como la mexicana. Objetivo: Validar la escala de bienestar de Riff, en estudiantes de la licenciatura en fisioterapia y obtener sus propiedades psicométricas. Método: La escala se aplicó a 196 estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Fisioterapia de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Se determinaron los valores de ajuste, varianza explicada a través de análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorioy la consistencia interna a través de la determinación de Alfa de Cronbach y con ANOVA se determinó la discriminación de reactivos y dimensiones de la escala. Resultados: Se obtuvo un instrumento con estructura sólida, con varianza, consistencia interna y discriminación adecuada. Discusión y conclusión: Este estudio permitió establecer seis dimensiones en los estudiantes de fisioterapia; crecimiento personal, auto aceptación, auto control, mantener relaciones positivas con otros, interacción personal, relación profesional y planes a futuro, y propósito en la vida. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Salud Mental is the property of Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Validation of a Scale to Measure the Psychological Well-being of Physiotherapists in Training at a Public University in Mexico.
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  Data: Validación de una escala de bienestar psicológico de fisioterapeutas en formación en una universidad pública de México.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Flores+Hernández%2C+Fernando%22">Flores Hernández, Fernando</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tejeda-Castellanos%2C+Xochiquetzalli%22">Tejeda-Castellanos, Xochiquetzalli</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vives+Varela%2C+Tania%22">Vives Varela, Tania</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Millán+Hernández%2C+Manuel%22">Millán Hernández, Manuel</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luja+Ramírez%2C+Luis+Alberto%22">Luja Ramírez, Luis Alberto</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gutiérrez+Camacho%2C+Claudia%22">Gutiérrez Camacho, Claudia</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> claudia.g.cam@facmed.unam.mx</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Salud+Mental%22">Salud Mental</searchLink>. May/Jun2026, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p125-130. 6p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+well-being%22">Psychological well-being</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+therapy+education%22">Physical therapy education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mexicans%22">Mexicans</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+tests%22">Psychological tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Universidad+Nacional+Autónoma+de+México%22">Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+validity%22">Test validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+analysis%22">Factor analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+reliability%22">Test reliability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychometrics%22">Psychometrics</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mexico%22">Mexico</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (English)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introduction: According to the eudaimonic theory proposed by Carol Ryff, psychological wellbeing involves achieving fulfillment through the search for perfection and realizing one's potential. However, some scales do not clearly differentiate levels of wellbeing and must be adapted for specific populations, such as Mexicans. Objective: To validate the Ryff wellbeing scale in physiotherapy students and obtain its psychometric properties. Method: The scale was administered to 196 students in the bachelor's degree program in physiotherapy at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Adjustment values and explained variance were determined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency was obtained through Cronbach's Alpha. ANOVA was used to determine the discrimination of the items and dimensions of the scale. Results: An instrument with a solid structure, variance, internal consistency, and adequate discrimination was obtained. Discussion and conclusion: This study enabled us to establish six aspects of wellbeing in physiotherapy students: personal growth, self-acceptance, self-control, maintaining positive relationships with others, personal interaction, professional relationships and future, and purpose in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract (Spanish)
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introducción: El bienestar psicológico desde la conceptualización eudamónica propuesta por Carol Riff supone el logro del potencial a través de la búsqueda de la perfección y la realización del propio potencial. Las escalas propuestas no siempre discriminan los niveles de bienestar y requieren de su adaptación a diferentes poblaciones como la mexicana. Objetivo: Validar la escala de bienestar de Riff, en estudiantes de la licenciatura en fisioterapia y obtener sus propiedades psicométricas. Método: La escala se aplicó a 196 estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Fisioterapia de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Se determinaron los valores de ajuste, varianza explicada a través de análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorioy la consistencia interna a través de la determinación de Alfa de Cronbach y con ANOVA se determinó la discriminación de reactivos y dimensiones de la escala. Resultados: Se obtuvo un instrumento con estructura sólida, con varianza, consistencia interna y discriminación adecuada. Discusión y conclusión: Este estudio permitió establecer seis dimensiones en los estudiantes de fisioterapia; crecimiento personal, auto aceptación, auto control, mantener relaciones positivas con otros, interacción personal, relación profesional y planes a futuro, y propósito en la vida. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Salud Mental is the property of Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2026.17
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 6
        StartPage: 125
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Psychological well-being
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Physical therapy education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mexicans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological tests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test validity
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      – SubjectFull: Factor analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Test reliability
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      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
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      – SubjectFull: Mexico
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Validation of a Scale to Measure the Psychological Well-being of Physiotherapists in Training at a Public University in Mexico.
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            NameFull: Tejeda-Castellanos, Xochiquetzalli
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              Text: May/Jun2026
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