Presión positiva al final de la espiración en el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria agudo pediátrico.

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Title:	Presión positiva al final de la espiración en el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria agudo pediátrico.
Alternate Title:	Positive end-expiratory pressure in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors:	Taffarel, Pedro¹ pedrotaffarel@hotmail.com
Source:	Andes Pediatrica. may/jun2026, Vol. 97 Issue 3, p525-533. 9p.
Subjects:	Positive end-expiratory pressure, Respiratory infections, Oxygen in the blood, Lung physiology, Adult respiratory distress syndrome, Artificial respiration
Abstract (English):	The leading cause of invasive mechanical ventilation in pediatric patients is respiratory infection, which represents a major challenge because a proportion of these patients will progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a condition characterized by decreased lung compliance and increased airway resistance. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) plays a central role in the management of ARDS. Its setting aims to improve oxygenation and respiratory system elastance, maintain alveolar units open, and reduce lung strain. Various tools have been evaluated to guide PEEP setting, without clear evidence of superiority over one another. The Pediatric ARDS (PARDS) consensus recommends PEEP titration based on PEEP/FiO2 tables and assessment of the response according to oxygenation, hemodynamics, and lung mechanics. There is no ideal PEEP level nor a single standardized approach. Its setting and clinical impact result from the interaction of multiple variables, including recruitment potential, disease stage, lung mechanics, oxygenation targets, hemodynamic status, and severity of illness. This review updates current knowledge on the physiological basis and the role of PEEP in PARDS, aiming to optimize its application. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, and relevant articles were selected based on the study design, impact, author expertise, and recent publication date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Abstract (Spanish):	La principal causa de asistencia ventilatoria mecánica en pediatría son las infecciones respiratorias, constituyéndose en un desafío debido a que una proporción de pacientes evolucionará a síndrome de dificultad respiratoria agudo (SDRA), donde coexisten una baja distensibilidad y una resistencia aumentada. La presión positiva al final de la espiración (PEEP) es primordial en el manejo del SDRA. Su configuración persigue mejorar la oxigenación y la elastancia del sistema respiratorio, mantener abiertas unidades alveolares y reducir la deformación pulmonar. Diversas herramientas se han evaluado para guiar su programación, sin demostrar superioridad entre sí. El consenso sobre SDRA Pediátrico (SDRAP) recomienda titulación basándose en tabla PEEP para fracción inspirada de oxígeno (FiO2) y valorar respuesta en función de la oxigenación, hemodinamia y mecánica pulmonar. No existe una PEEP ideal, ni una receta única como guía. Su programación e impacto son consecuencia de la conjunción de distintas variables, potencialidad de reclutamiento, momento evolutivo de la enfermedad, mecánica pulmonar, objetivos de oxigenación, hemodinamia y gravedad de la afección. En esta revisión narrativa se actualiza el conocimiento sobre las bases fisiológicas y el rol de la PEEP en SDRAP a fin de optimizar su aplicación, mediante una búsqueda en PubMed, y seleccionando los artículos relevantes por diseño, impacto, experiencia de su autor y temporalidad reciente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
	Copyright of Andes Pediatrica is the property of Revista Chilena de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database:	MedicLatina

Description
Abstract:	The leading cause of invasive mechanical ventilation in pediatric patients is respiratory infection, which represents a major challenge because a proportion of these patients will progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a condition characterized by decreased lung compliance and increased airway resistance. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) plays a central role in the management of ARDS. Its setting aims to improve oxygenation and respiratory system elastance, maintain alveolar units open, and reduce lung strain. Various tools have been evaluated to guide PEEP setting, without clear evidence of superiority over one another. The Pediatric ARDS (PARDS) consensus recommends PEEP titration based on PEEP/FiO2 tables and assessment of the response according to oxygenation, hemodynamics, and lung mechanics. There is no ideal PEEP level nor a single standardized approach. Its setting and clinical impact result from the interaction of multiple variables, including recruitment potential, disease stage, lung mechanics, oxygenation targets, hemodynamic status, and severity of illness. This review updates current knowledge on the physiological basis and the role of PEEP in PARDS, aiming to optimize its application. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, and relevant articles were selected based on the study design, impact, author expertise, and recent publication date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:	24526045