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Non-invasive biopsy diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease via deep learning applied to retinal images: a population-based study.

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Title: Non-invasive biopsy diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease via deep learning applied to retinal images: a population-based study.
Authors: Meng Z; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Guan Z; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China., Yu S; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China., Wu Y; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Zhao Y; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Shen J; Medical Records and Statistics Office, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China., Lim CC; Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, SingHealth-Duke Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore., Chen T; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Health and Medical Center, Wuxi, China., Yang D; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China., Ran AR; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China., He F; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore., Hamzah H; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore., Singh S; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Abd Raof AS; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Lee-Boey JWS; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Lim SK; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Sun X; Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China., Ge S; Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Xu G; Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Su H; Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Cheng Y; Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Lu F; National Engineering Research Centre for Big Data Technology and System, Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory, Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Liao X; National Engineering Research Centre for Big Data Technology and System, Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory, Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Jin H; National Engineering Research Centre for Big Data Technology and System, Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory, Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Deng C; Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Ruan L; Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Zhang C; Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Wu C; Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China., Dai R; Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China., Jin Y; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Wang W; Key Laboratory of River Basic Digital Twinning of Ministry of Water Resources, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region, China., Li T; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Liu R; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Li J; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Shu J; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Lu Y; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China., Wang X; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China., Wu Q; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China., Qin Y; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Tang J; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China., Sheng X; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China., Jiao Q; Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China., Yang X; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Guo M; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., McKay GJ; Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK., Hogg RE; Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK., Liew G; Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia., Chee EYL; School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore., Hsu W; School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore., Lee ML; School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore., Szeto S; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China., Luk AOY; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China., Chan JCN; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China., Cheung CY; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China., Tan GSW; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore., Tham YC; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore., Cheng CY; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore., Sabanayagam C; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore., Lim LL; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China., Jia W; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China., Li H; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: huarting99@sjtu.edu.cn., Sheng B; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn., Wong TY; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnostic Technology and Devices for Major Blinding Eye Diseases, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.
Source: The Lancet. Digital health [Lancet Digit Health] 2025 May; Vol. 7 (5), pp. 100868. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Apr 30.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101751302 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2589-7500 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 25897500 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lancet Digit Health Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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DbLabel: MEDLINE Ultimate
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AccessLevel: 2
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Non-invasive biopsy diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease via deep learning applied to retinal images: a population-based study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Meng+Z%22">Meng Z</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Guan+Z%22">Guan Z</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yu+S%22">Yu S</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wu+Y%22">Wu Y</searchLink>; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhao+Y%22">Zhao Y</searchLink>; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shen+J%22">Shen J</searchLink>; Medical Records and Statistics Office, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lim+CC%22">Lim CC</searchLink>; Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, SingHealth-Duke Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chen+T%22">Chen T</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Health and Medical Center, Wuxi, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yang+D%22">Yang D</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ran+AR%22">Ran AR</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22He+F%22">He F</searchLink>; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hamzah+H%22">Hamzah H</searchLink>; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Singh+S%22">Singh S</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Abd+Raof+AS%22">Abd Raof AS</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lee-Boey+JWS%22">Lee-Boey JWS</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lim+SK%22">Lim SK</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sun+X%22">Sun X</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ge+S%22">Ge S</searchLink>; Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Xu+G%22">Xu G</searchLink>; Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Su+H%22">Su H</searchLink>; Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cheng+Y%22">Cheng Y</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lu+F%22">Lu F</searchLink>; National Engineering Research Centre for Big Data Technology and System, Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory, Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liao+X%22">Liao X</searchLink>; National Engineering Research Centre for Big Data Technology and System, Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory, Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jin+H%22">Jin H</searchLink>; National Engineering Research Centre for Big Data Technology and System, Services Computing Technology and System Laboratory, Cluster and Grid Computing Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Deng+C%22">Deng C</searchLink>; Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ruan+L%22">Ruan L</searchLink>; Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhang+C%22">Zhang C</searchLink>; Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wu+C%22">Wu C</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dai+R%22">Dai R</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jin+Y%22">Jin Y</searchLink>; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+W%22">Wang W</searchLink>; Key Laboratory of River Basic Digital Twinning of Ministry of Water Resources, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+T%22">Li T</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liu+R%22">Liu R</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+J%22">Li J</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shu+J%22">Shu J</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lu+Y%22">Lu Y</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+X%22">Wang X</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wu+Q%22">Wu Q</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Qin+Y%22">Qin Y</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tang+J%22">Tang J</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sheng+X%22">Sheng X</searchLink>; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jiao+Q%22">Jiao Q</searchLink>; Department of Pathology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yang+X%22">Yang X</searchLink>; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Guo+M%22">Guo M</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McKay+GJ%22">McKay GJ</searchLink>; Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hogg+RE%22">Hogg RE</searchLink>; Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liew+G%22">Liew G</searchLink>; Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chee+EYL%22">Chee EYL</searchLink>; School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hsu+W%22">Hsu W</searchLink>; School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lee+ML%22">Lee ML</searchLink>; School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Szeto+S%22">Szeto S</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Luk+AOY%22">Luk AOY</searchLink>; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chan+JCN%22">Chan JCN</searchLink>; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cheung+CY%22">Cheung CY</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tan+GSW%22">Tan GSW</searchLink>; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tham+YC%22">Tham YC</searchLink>; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cheng+CY%22">Cheng CY</searchLink>; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sabanayagam+C%22">Sabanayagam C</searchLink>; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lim+LL%22">Lim LL</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jia+W%22">Jia W</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+H%22">Li H</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: huarting99@sjtu.edu.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sheng+B%22">Sheng B</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory of Intelligent Prevention and Treatment for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wong+TY%22">Wong TY</searchLink>; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnostic Technology and Devices for Major Blinding Eye Diseases, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101751302%22">The Lancet. Digital health</searchLink> [Lancet Digit Health] 2025 May; Vol. 7 (5), pp. 100868. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2025 Apr 30.
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  Data: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Elsevier+Ltd%22">Elsevier Ltd </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>101751302 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>2589-7500 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2225897500%22">25897500 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Lancet Digit Health <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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              Text: 2025 May
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