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A deep learning system for detecting silent brain infarction and predicting stroke risk.

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Title: A deep learning system for detecting silent brain infarction and predicting stroke risk.
Authors: Jiang N; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Ji H; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Guan Z; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China., Pan Y; Department of Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China., Deng C; Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Guo Y; Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Liu D; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China., Chen T; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Health and Medical Center, Wuxi, China., Wang S; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China., Wu Y; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Yang D; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China., Ran AR; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China., Hamzah H; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore., Chee ML; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore., Yin C; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.; Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Thinggaard BS; Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.; OPEN, Open Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark., Pedersen FN; Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark., Peng Q; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.; Clinical and Translational Sciences Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore., Quek TC; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore., Goh JHL; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore., Singh S; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Abd Raof AS; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Lee-Boey JWS; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Lu Y; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China., Huang S; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Shu J; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Yu S; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China., Jin Y; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Li T; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Qin Y; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Wang J; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Health and Medical Center, Wuxi, China., Yang X; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Health and Medical Center, Wuxi, China., Hu T; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China., Wang Z; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Zhao Y; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Lee S; State Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Engineering Science, Intelligent Microwave Lightwave Integration Innovation Center, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Wei X; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China., Zheng H; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Li Y; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China., Shen J; Medical Records and Statistics Office, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China., Zhou Y; Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China., Lin S; Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China., Wu C; Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China., Dai R; Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China., Ruan L; Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Hogg RE; Centre for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK., Wright D; Centre for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK., Wang YX; Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.; School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnostic Technology and Devices for Major Blinding Eye Diseases, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Zheng Y; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China., Tan GSW; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore., Sabanayagam C; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore., Bao Y; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China., Zhang C; Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Zhang P; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.; Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Zou W; State Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Engineering Science, Intelligent Microwave Lightwave Integration Innovation Center, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Guo M; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China., Yang X; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., McKay GJ; Centre for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK., Grauslund J; Department of Ophthalmology, Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark., Lim LL; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.; Asia Diabetes Foundation, Hong Kong, China., Li Z; Department of Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China., Cheung CY; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China., Tham YC; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Cheng CY; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Wang Y; Department of Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. yongjunwang@ncrcnd.org.cn., Dai Q; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. daiqh@tsinghua.edu.cn., Jia W; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China. wpjia@sjtu.edu.cn., Li H; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China. huarting99@sjtu.edu.cn., Sheng B; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China. shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn., Wong TY; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.; School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnostic Technology and Devices for Major Blinding Eye Diseases, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.
Source: Nature biomedical engineering [Nat Biomed Eng] 2025 Nov; Vol. 9 (11), pp. 1907-1919. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 06.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Springer Nature Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101696896 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2157-846X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2157846X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Biomed Eng Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: A deep learning system for detecting silent brain infarction and predicting stroke risk.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Guan+Z%22">Guan Z</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pan+Y%22">Pan Y</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Deng+C%22">Deng C</searchLink>; Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Guo+Y%22">Guo Y</searchLink>; Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liu+D%22">Liu D</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chen+T%22">Chen T</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Health and Medical Center, Wuxi, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+S%22">Wang S</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wu+Y%22">Wu Y</searchLink>; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yang+D%22">Yang D</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ran+AR%22">Ran AR</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hamzah+H%22">Hamzah H</searchLink>; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chee+ML%22">Chee ML</searchLink>; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yin+C%22">Yin C</searchLink>; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.; Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Thinggaard+BS%22">Thinggaard BS</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.; 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Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lee-Boey+JWS%22">Lee-Boey JWS</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lu+Y%22">Lu Y</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Huang+S%22">Huang S</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shu+J%22">Shu J</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yu+S%22">Yu S</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jin+Y%22">Jin Y</searchLink>; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+T%22">Li T</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Qin+Y%22">Qin Y</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+J%22">Wang J</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Health and Medical Center, Wuxi, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yang+X%22">Yang X</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Health and Medical Center, Wuxi, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hu+T%22">Hu T</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+Z%22">Wang Z</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhao+Y%22">Zhao Y</searchLink>; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lee+S%22">Lee S</searchLink>; State Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Engineering Science, Intelligent Microwave Lightwave Integration Innovation Center, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wei+X%22">Wei X</searchLink>; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zheng+H%22">Zheng H</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.; 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Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dai+R%22">Dai R</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ruan+L%22">Ruan L</searchLink>; Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hogg+RE%22">Hogg RE</searchLink>; Centre for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wright+D%22">Wright D</searchLink>; Centre for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+YX%22">Wang YX</searchLink>; Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.; School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnostic Technology and Devices for Major Blinding Eye Diseases, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zheng+Y%22">Zheng Y</searchLink>; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tan+GSW%22">Tan GSW</searchLink>; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sabanayagam+C%22">Sabanayagam C</searchLink>; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bao+Y%22">Bao Y</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhang+C%22">Zhang C</searchLink>; Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhang+P%22">Zhang P</searchLink>; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.; Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zou+W%22">Zou W</searchLink>; State Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Engineering Science, Intelligent Microwave Lightwave Integration Innovation Center, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Guo+M%22">Guo M</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yang+X%22">Yang X</searchLink>; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McKay+GJ%22">McKay GJ</searchLink>; Centre for Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Grauslund+J%22">Grauslund J</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lim+LL%22">Lim LL</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.; Asia Diabetes Foundation, Hong Kong, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+Z%22">Li Z</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cheung+CY%22">Cheung CY</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tham+YC%22">Tham YC</searchLink>; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cheng+CY%22">Cheng CY</searchLink>; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore.; Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+Y%22">Wang Y</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. yongjunwang@ncrcnd.org.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dai+Q%22">Dai Q</searchLink>; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. daiqh@tsinghua.edu.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jia+W%22">Jia W</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China. wpjia@sjtu.edu.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+H%22">Li H</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China. huarting99@sjtu.edu.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sheng+B%22">Sheng B</searchLink>; Shanghai Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Disorders, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Institute for Proactive Healthcare, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, China. shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wong+TY%22">Wong TY</searchLink>; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Eye Center, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.; School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.; Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnostic Technology and Devices for Major Blinding Eye Diseases, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101696896%22">Nature biomedical engineering</searchLink> [Nat Biomed Eng] 2025 Nov; Vol. 9 (11), pp. 1907-1919. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2025 Jun 06.
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