What Is the Appropriate Sample Size in Human Cadaveric Studies? A Quantitative Review of 770 Articles.

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Title: What Is the Appropriate Sample Size in Human Cadaveric Studies? A Quantitative Review of 770 Articles.
Authors: Iwanaga J; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.; Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.; Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan., Obata K; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan., Kato T; Division of General Dentistry, Nippon Dental University Hospital, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan., Samrid R; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand., Lesser ER; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA., Cardona JJ; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA., Kikuchi K; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan., Kim CY; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea., Ono K; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan., D'Antoni A; Department of Medical Education and Scholarship, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA., Komune N; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan., Tabira Y; Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan., Hur MS; Department of Anatomy, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea., Kitagawa N; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan., Kim HJ; Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea., Loukas M; Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies.; Department of Pathology, St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies.; Nicolaus Copernicus Superior School, College of Medical Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.; Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA., Watanabe K; Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan., Tubbs RS; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies.; Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Source: Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.) [Clin Anat] 2026 Jan; Vol. 39 (1), pp. 14-19. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 21.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Review
Journal Info: Publisher: Alan R. Liss, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8809128 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1098-2353 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08973806 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Clin Anat Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Iwanaga+J%22">Iwanaga J</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.; Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.; Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Obata+K%22">Obata K</searchLink>; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kato+T%22">Kato T</searchLink>; Division of General Dentistry, Nippon Dental University Hospital, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Samrid+R%22">Samrid R</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lesser+ER%22">Lesser ER</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cardona+JJ%22">Cardona JJ</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kikuchi+K%22">Kikuchi K</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kim+CY%22">Kim CY</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ono+K%22">Ono K</searchLink>; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22D'Antoni+A%22">D'Antoni A</searchLink>; Department of Medical Education and Scholarship, Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Komune+N%22">Komune N</searchLink>; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tabira+Y%22">Tabira Y</searchLink>; Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hur+MS%22">Hur MS</searchLink>; Department of Anatomy, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kitagawa+N%22">Kitagawa N</searchLink>; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kim+HJ%22">Kim HJ</searchLink>; Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Institute, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Loukas+M%22">Loukas M</searchLink>; Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies.; Department of Pathology, St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies.; Nicolaus Copernicus Superior School, College of Medical Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.; Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Watanabe+K%22">Watanabe K</searchLink>; Division of Gross and Clinical Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tubbs+RS%22">Tubbs RS</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies.; Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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