AI-Enhanced 3D Gradient Echo MRI: A Radiation-Free Alternative to CT for Lung Nodule Detection and Lung-RADS Classification.

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Title: AI-Enhanced 3D Gradient Echo MRI: A Radiation-Free Alternative to CT for Lung Nodule Detection and Lung-RADS Classification.
Authors: Marka AW; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.). Electronic address: alexander.marka@tum.de., Steinhardt M; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.)., Rahn L; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.)., Lemke T; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.)., Gassert FT; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.)., Huber T; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.)., Sauter A; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.)., Weiss K; Philips GmbH Market DACH, Hamburg, Germany (K.W.)., Makowski MR; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.)., Van AT; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.)., Karampinos DC; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.)., Graf M; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.)., Pfeiffer D; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.)., Gawlitza J; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.)., Ziegelmayer S; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.).
Source: Academic radiology [Acad Radiol] 2025 Oct; Vol. 32 (10), pp. 6250-6259. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 28.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Association Of University Radiologists Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9440159 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-4046 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10766332 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Acad Radiol Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: AI-Enhanced 3D Gradient Echo MRI: A Radiation-Free Alternative to CT for Lung Nodule Detection and Lung-RADS Classification.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Marka+AW%22">Marka AW</searchLink>; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.). Electronic address: alexander.marka@tum.de.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Steinhardt+M%22">Steinhardt M</searchLink>; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.).<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rahn+L%22">Rahn L</searchLink>; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.).<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lemke+T%22">Lemke T</searchLink>; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.).<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gassert+FT%22">Gassert FT</searchLink>; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.).<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Huber+T%22">Huber T</searchLink>; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.).<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sauter+A%22">Sauter A</searchLink>; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.).<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Weiss+K%22">Weiss K</searchLink>; Philips GmbH Market DACH, Hamburg, Germany (K.W.).<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Makowski+MR%22">Makowski MR</searchLink>; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.).<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Van+AT%22">Van AT</searchLink>; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.).<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Karampinos+DC%22">Karampinos DC</searchLink>; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.).<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Graf+M%22">Graf M</searchLink>; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.).<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pfeiffer+D%22">Pfeiffer D</searchLink>; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.).<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gawlitza+J%22">Gawlitza J</searchLink>; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.).<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ziegelmayer+S%22">Ziegelmayer S</searchLink>; Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany (A.W.M., M.S., L.R., T.L., F.T.G., T.H., A.S., M.R.M., A.T.V., D.C.K., M.G., D.P., J.G., S.Z.).
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