Assessment of the Utility of Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbots in Patient Education: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

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Title: Assessment of the Utility of Artificial Intelligence-Based Chatbots in Patient Education: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Authors: Emile SH; Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.; Colorectal Surgery Unit, General Surgery Department, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt., Horesh N; Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.; Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel., Garoufalia Z; Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA., Gefen R; Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.; Department of General Surgery, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel., Boutros M; Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA., Wexner SD; Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.
Source: The American surgeon [Am Surg] 2026 Jan; Vol. 92 (1), pp. 258-269. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 11.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis
Journal Info: Publisher: SAGE Publications in association with Southeastern Surgical Congress Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0370522 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1555-9823 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00031348 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am Surg Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Emile+SH%22">Emile SH</searchLink>; Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.; Colorectal Surgery Unit, General Surgery Department, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Horesh+N%22">Horesh N</searchLink>; Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.; Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Garoufalia+Z%22">Garoufalia Z</searchLink>; Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gefen+R%22">Gefen R</searchLink>; Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.; Department of General Surgery, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Boutros+M%22">Boutros M</searchLink>; Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wexner+SD%22">Wexner SD</searchLink>; Ellen Leifer Shulman and Steven Shulman Digestive Disease Center, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA.
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