Development and validation of a keypoint region-based convolutional neural network to automate thoracic Cobb angle measurements using whole-spine standing radiographs.

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Title: Development and validation of a keypoint region-based convolutional neural network to automate thoracic Cobb angle measurements using whole-spine standing radiographs.
Authors: Dagli MM; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. marcel.dagli@pennmedicine.upenn.edu., Sussman JH; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Gujral J; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Budihal BR; Department of General Medicine, BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, India., Kerr M; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Yoon JW; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Ozturk AK; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Cahill PJ; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Anari J; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Winkelstein BA; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Welch WC; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Source: Acta neurochirurgica [Acta Neurochir (Wien)] 2025 Aug 23; Vol. 167 (1), pp. 227. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 23.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Validation Study
Journal Info: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Austria NLM ID: 0151000 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 0942-0940 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00016268 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Acta Neurochir (Wien) Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dagli+MM%22">Dagli MM</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. marcel.dagli@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sussman+JH%22">Sussman JH</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gujral+J%22">Gujral J</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Budihal+BR%22">Budihal BR</searchLink>; Department of General Medicine, BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, India.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kerr+M%22">Kerr M</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yoon+JW%22">Yoon JW</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ozturk+AK%22">Ozturk AK</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cahill+PJ%22">Cahill PJ</searchLink>; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Anari+J%22">Anari J</searchLink>; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Winkelstein+BA%22">Winkelstein BA</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Welch+WC%22">Welch WC</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%220151000%22">Acta neurochirurgica</searchLink> [Acta Neurochir (Wien)] 2025 Aug 23; Vol. 167 (1), pp. 227. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2025 Aug 23.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Springer%22">Springer </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Austria <i>NLM ID: </i>0151000 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>0942-0940 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2200016268%22">00016268 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Acta Neurochir (Wien) <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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