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Indole-3-propionic acid links gut dysfunction to diabetic retinopathy: a biomarker and novel therapeutic approach.

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Title: Indole-3-propionic acid links gut dysfunction to diabetic retinopathy: a biomarker and novel therapeutic approach.
Authors: Prasad R; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Adu-Rutledge Y; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Ziani B; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA., Floyd JL; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Ready EL; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Paul S; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Sheini F; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Sharma R; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Rosencrans RF; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Li Calzi S; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Sielski MS; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Medawar NG; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Dutta R; Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Johnson EB; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Qi X; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Bansal M; Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Lamendella R; Wright Labs LLC, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, USA., Wright JR; Biology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, USA., Verma SK; Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Boulton ME; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Stevens BR; Physiology & Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA., Vander Kooi CW; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA., Sun RC; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA., Oudit GY; Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada., Li Q; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA., Grant MB; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA mariagrant@uabmc.edu.
Source: Gut [Gut] 2026 Apr 07; Vol. 75 (5), pp. 949-967. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 07.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Journal Info: Publisher: British Medical Assn Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 2985108R Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1468-3288 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00175749 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Gut Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: Indole-3-propionic acid links gut dysfunction to diabetic retinopathy: a biomarker and novel therapeutic approach.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Prasad+R%22">Prasad R</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Adu-Rutledge+Y%22">Adu-Rutledge Y</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ziani+B%22">Ziani B</searchLink>; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Floyd+JL%22">Floyd JL</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ready+EL%22">Ready EL</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Paul+S%22">Paul S</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sheini+F%22">Sheini F</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sharma+R%22">Sharma R</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rosencrans+RF%22">Rosencrans RF</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+Calzi+S%22">Li Calzi S</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sielski+MS%22">Sielski MS</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Medawar+NG%22">Medawar NG</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dutta+R%22">Dutta R</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Johnson+EB%22">Johnson EB</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Qi+X%22">Qi X</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bansal+M%22">Bansal M</searchLink>; Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lamendella+R%22">Lamendella R</searchLink>; Wright Labs LLC, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wright+JR%22">Wright JR</searchLink>; Biology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Verma+SK%22">Verma SK</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Boulton+ME%22">Boulton ME</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Stevens+BR%22">Stevens BR</searchLink>; Physiology & Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vander+Kooi+CW%22">Vander Kooi CW</searchLink>; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sun+RC%22">Sun RC</searchLink>; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Oudit+GY%22">Oudit GY</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+Q%22">Li Q</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Grant+MB%22">Grant MB</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA mariagrant@uabmc.edu.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%222985108R%22">Gut</searchLink> [Gut] 2026 Apr 07; Vol. 75 (5), pp. 949-967. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Apr 07.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22British+Medical+Assn%22">British Medical Assn </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>2985108R <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1468-3288 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2200175749%22">00175749 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Gut <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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        Value: 10.1136/gutjnl-2025-336180
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        Text: English
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